Partonomy list P2F, primary language: LA, subsidiary: EN, interface: EN, work in progress

encephalon

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Partonomy list
FMA TA TID UID
Short official Latin term
Short English equivalent
50801 5257 5257
encephalon
encephalon
61992 5262 5262
prosencephalon
prosencephalon
62000 5264 5264
telencephalon ; cerebrum P3 1772 children
telencephalon ; brain
32246 12095
morphologia externa telencephali
external morphology of telencephalon
83727 5976 5976
fissura longitudinalis cerebri
longitudinal cerebral fissure
61817 38402 5971
hemispherium cerebri (par)
cerebral hemisphere (pair)
83874 38406 5973
gyri cerebri (par)
cerebral gyri (pair)
327491 38410 5975
sulci cerebri (par)
cerebral sulci (pair)
84361 38413 5978
fossa lateralis cerebri (par)
lateral cerebral fossa (pair)
46132 14197
vallecula cerebri (par)
cerebral vallecula (pair)
75140 38416 5979
margo superior (par)
superior margin (pair)
75141 38419 5980
margo inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial margin (pair)
75142 38422 5981
margo inferolateralis (par)
inferolateral margin (pair)
38425 5982
facies superolateralis (par)
superolateral surface (pair)
38428 6037
facies inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial surface (pair)
28827 12438
gyri interlobares (par) P4 29 children
interlobar gyri (pair)
28833 12439
operculum insulare (par)
insular operculum (pair)
74886 38496 5993
operculum frontale (par)
frontal operculum (pair)
74889 38580 6007
operculum parietale (par)
parietal operculum (pair)
74891 38631 6020
operculum temporale (par)
temporal operculum (pair)
274737 38538 8666
gyrus subcentralis (par)
subcentral gyrus (pair)
77534 38704 6045
lobulus paracentralis (par)
paracentral lobule (pair)
77537 38707 6046
gyrus paracentralis anterior (par)
anterior paracentral gyrus (pair)
29248 12237
cortex motorius primarius (par)
primary motor cortex (pair)
77538 38822 6058
gyrus paracentralis posterior (par)
posterior paracentral gyrus (pair)
32452 13176
interlobar sulci (pair)
38444 5983
sulci interlobares superolaterales (par)
superolateral interlobar sulci (pair)
83752 38447 5984
sulcus centralis (par)
central sulcus (pair)
77801 38450 5985
sulcus lateralis (par)
lateral sulcus (pair)
83761 38453 5986
ramus posterior (par)
posterior branch (pair)
83759 38456 5987
ramus ascendens (par)
ascending branch (pair)
83760 38459 5988
ramus anterior (par)
anterior branch (pair)
83754 38462 5989
sulcus parietooccipitalis (par)
parietooccipital sulcus (pair)
83739 38465 5990
incisura preoccipitalis (par)
preoccipital notch (pair)
38469 9115
sulci interlobares inferomediales (par)
inferomedial interlobar sulci (pair)
83743 38472 6038
sulcus corporis callosi (par)
sulcus of corpus callosum (pair)
83748 38475 6039
sulcus cingularis (par) ; sulcus cinguli (par)
cingulate sulcus (pair) ; sulcus of cingulum (pair)
83773 38478 6040
ramus marginalis (par) ; sulcus marginalis (par)
marginal branch (pair) ; marginal sulcus (pair)
83777 38481 6041
sulcus subparietalis (par)
subparietal sulcus (pair)
83751 38484 6042
sulcus collateralis (par) ; sulcus occipitotemporalis medialis (par)
collateral sulcus (pair) ; medial occipitotemporal sulcus (pair)
83752 5984 5984
sulcus centralis
central sulcus
61823 38432 5974
lobi cerebri (par)
cerebral lobes (pair)
61824 25033 5991
lobus frontalis (par) P4 225 children
frontal lobe (pair)
38487 8658
facies superolateralis (par)
superolateral surface (pair)
38490 8659
sulcus frontomarginalis (par)
frontomarginal sulcus (pair)
74885 38493 5992
polus frontalis (par)
frontal pole (pair)
274406 26762 11028
area frontopolaris (par)
frontopolar area (pair)
274408 26771 11029
gyrus frontopolaris superior (par)
superior frontopolar gyrus (pair)
274420 26893 11032
gyrus frontopolaris medius (par)
middle frontopolar gyrus (pair)
274414 27363 11034
gyrus frontopolaris inferior (par)
inferior frontopolar gyrus (pair)
274504 27463 11035
gyrus frontomarginalis (par)
frontomarginal gyrus (pair)
74886 5993 5993
operculum frontale
frontal operculum
61860 38499 5994
gyrus frontalis inferior (par)
inferior frontal gyrus (pair)
61982 38502 5995
pars orbitalis (par)
orbital part (pair)
61980 38505 5996
pars triangularis (par)
triangular part (pair)
27466 11840
sulcus radiatus (par)
radiate sulcus (pair)
61981 38508 5997
pars opercularis (par)
opercular part (pair)
83758 38511 8780
sulcus diagonalis (par)
diagonal sulcus (pair)
83757 38514 5998
sulcus frontalis inferior (par)
inferior frontal sulcus (pair)
273103 38517 5999
gyrus frontalis medius (par)
middle frontal gyrus (pair)
38520 8660
cortex prefrontalis superolateralis (par)
superolateral prefrontal cortex (pair)
38523 8661
cortex prefrontalis dorsolateralis (par)
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (pair)
38526 8662
cortex prefrontalis ventrolateralis (par)
ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (pair)
38529 8663
cortex premotorius superolateralis (par)
superolateral premotor cortex (pair)
38532 8664
cortex premotorius dorsalis (par)
dorsal premotor cortex (pair)
38535 8665
cortex premotorius ventralis (par)
ventral premotor cortex (pair)
61894 27915 6000
gyrus precentralis (par)
precentral gyrus (pair)
29175 12236
cortex motorius primarius gyri precentralis (par)
primary motor cortex of precentral gyrus (pair)
83800 27912 6001
sulcus precentralis (par)
precentral sulcus (pair)
83765 38541 8667
sulcus subcentralis anterior (par)
anterior subcentral sulcus (pair)
83778 38544 8668
sulcus subcentralis posterior (par)
posterior subcentral sulcus (pair)
61857 38547 6002
gyrus frontalis superior (par)
superior frontal gyrus (pair)
83755 38550 6003
sulcus frontalis superior (par)
superior frontal sulcus (pair)
38698 9118
facies inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial surface (pair)
61857 6002 6002
gyrus frontalis superior
superior frontal gyrus
27469 12158
sulcus paracingularis (par)
paracingulate sulcus (pair)
27473 12159
gyrus paracingularis (par)
paracingulate gyrus (pair)
83782 38701 6044
sulcus paracentralis (par)
paracentral sulcus (pair)
77534 6045 6045
lobulus paracentralis
paracentral lobule
77537 6046 6046
gyrus paracentralis anterior
anterior paracentral gyrus
12237 12237
cortex motorius primarius
primary motor cortex
38710 8669
cortex prefrontalis inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial prefrontal cortex (pair)
38713 8670
cortex prefrontalis medialis (par)
medial prefrontal cortex (pair)
38716 8671
cortex premotorius inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial premotor cortex (pair)
38719 8672
cortex premotorius medialis (par)
medial premotor cortex (pair)
61890 38722 6047
area subcallosa (par) ; gyrus subcallosus (par)
subcallosal area (pair) ; subcallosal gyrus (pair)
61919 38725 6048
gyrus paraterminalis (par)
paraterminal gyrus (pair)
61890 38728 6049
area paraolfactoria (par)
paraolfactory area (pair)
72019 38731 6050
gyrus paraolfactorius (par)
paraolfactory gyrus (pair)
38735 6051
sulci paraolfactorii (par)
paraolfactory sulci (pair)
83744 38738 8673
sulcus paraolfactorius anterior (par)
anterior paraolfactory sulcus (pair)
83745 38741 8674
sulcus paraolfactorius posterior (par)
posterior paraolfactory sulcus (pair)
256194 38745 6052
gyri orbitales (par)
orbital gyri (pair)
62419 38748 8675
gyrus orbitalis medialis (par)
medial orbital gyrus (pair)
256196 38751 8676
gyrus orbitalis anterior (par)
anterior orbital gyrus (pair)
80184 38754 8677
gyrus orbitalis posterior (par)
posterior orbital gyrus (pair)
62418 38757 8678
gyrus orbitalis lateralis (par)
lateral orbital gyrus (pair)
27481 12160
lobulus orbitalis posteromedialis (par)
posteromedial orbital lobule (pair)
27547 12161
regio orbitalis posterolateralis (par)
posterolateral orbital region (pair)
83770 38761 6053
sulci orbitales (par)
orbital sulci (pair)
38764 8679
sulcus orbitalis lateralis (par)
lateral orbital sulcus (pair)
83771 38767 8680
sulcus orbitalis transversus (par)
transverse orbital sulcus (pair)
38770 8681
sulcus orbitalis medialis (par)
medial orbital sulcus (pair)
27863 12162
sulcus rostralis superior (par)
superior rostral sulcus (pair)
27894 12163
sulcus rostralis inferior (par)
inferior rostral sulcus (pair)
61893 38773 6054
gyrus rectus (par)
straight gyrus (pair)
83769 38776 6055
sulcus olfactorius (par)
olfactory sulcus (pair)
38779 8682
substantia perforata anterior (par) ; substantia perforata rostralis (par)
anterior perforated substance (pair) ; rostral perforated substance (pair)
38782 8683
structurae olfactoriae (par)
olfactory structures (pair)
77624 38785 6195
bulbus olfactorius (par)
olfactory bulb (pair)
77625 38788 6196
pedunculus olfactorius (par)
olfactory peduncle (pair)
77626 6197 6197
tractus olfactorius
olfactory tract
74883 38791 6198
trigonum olfactorium (par)
olfactory trigone (pair)
61891 6199 6199
tuberculum olfactorium
olfactory tubercle
38795 6200
striae olfactoriae (par)
olfactory striae (pair)
77627 38798 6201
stria olfactoria medialis (par)
medial olfactory stria (pair)
61971 38801 6202
stria olfactoria lateralis (par)
lateral olfactory stria (pair)
46174 14202
tractus olfactorius lateralis (par)
lateral olfactory tract (pair)
38804 8686
regio retrobulbaris (par)
retrobulbar region (pair)
38807 8687
cortex piriformis (par) ; cortex olfactorius primarius (par)
piriform cortex (pair) ; primary olfactory cortex (pair)
38810 8689
pars frontalis (par)
frontal part (pair)
38813 8690
pars temporalis (par)
temporal part (pair)
61826 38435 6004
lobus parietalis (par) P4 50 children
parietal lobe (pair)
38553 8698
facies superolateralis (par)
superolateral surface (pair)
61896 38556 6009
gyrus postcentralis (par)
postcentral gyrus (pair)
29945 12238
cortex somatosensorius primarius gyri postcentralis (par)
primary somatosensory cortex of postcentral gyrus (pair)
83774 38559 6010
sulcus postcentralis (par)
postcentral sulcus (pair)
61899 38562 6011
lobulus parietalis superior (par)
superior parietal lobule (pair)
83772 38565 6008
sulcus intraparietalis (par)
intraparietal sulcus (pair)
38568 8781
sulcus intermedius primus (par) ; sulcus intermedius anterior (par)
first intermediate sulcus (pair) ; anterior intermediate sulcus (pair)
38571 8782
sulcus intermedius secundus (par) ; sulcus intermedius posterior (par)
second intermediate sulcus (pair) ; posterior intermediate sulcus (pair)
9122 9122
sulcus parietalis transversus
transverse parietal sulcus
77536 38574 6006
lobulus parietalis inferior (par)
inferior parietal lobule (pair)
61898 38577 6005
gyrus angularis (par)
angular gyrus (pair)
74889 6007 6007
operculum parietale
parietal operculum
61897 38583 6012
gyrus supramarginalis (par)
supramarginal gyrus (pair)
38816 9120
facies inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial surface (pair)
77534 6045 6045
lobulus paracentralis
paracentral lobule
77538 6058 6058
gyrus paracentralis posterior
posterior paracentral gyrus
12239 12239
cortex somatosensorius primarius gyri paracentralis posterioris
primary somatosensory cortex of posterior paracentral gyrus
38825 9122
sulcus parietalis transversus (par)
transverse parietal sulcus (pair)
61900 38828 6059
precuneus (par)
precuneus (pair)
83777 6041 6041
sulcus subparietalis
subparietal sulcus
67325 38438 6013
lobus occipitalis (par) P4 55 children
occipital lobe (pair)
38586 8700
facies superolateralis (par)
superolateral surface (pair)
74892 38589 6014
polus occipitalis (par)
occipital pole (pair)
83788 38592 6015
sulcus lunatus (par)
lunate sulcus (pair)
83786 38595 6016
sulcus occipitalis transversus (par)
transverse occipital sulcus (pair)
61901 38598 8701
gyrus occipitalis superior (par)
superior occipital gyrus (pair)
61902 38601 8702
gyrus occipitalis medius (par)
middle occipital gyrus (pair)
273129 38604 8703
gyrus occipitalis inferior (par)
inferior occipital gyrus (pair)
274557 38607 8691
gyrus occipitalis descendens (par)
descending occipital gyrus (pair)
38610 8692
area striata superolateralis (par)
superolateral striate area (pair)
68614 9119 9119
cortex visualis primarius ; area striata
primary visual cortex ; striate area
38613 8784
area extrastriata superolateralis (par)
superolateral extrastriate area (pair)
38831 9125
facies inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial surface (pair)
61903 38834 6060
cuneus (par)
cuneus (pair)
83749 38837 6061
sulcus calcarinus (par)
calcarine sulcus (pair)
61904 38840 6062
gyrus lingualis (par) ; gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis (par)
lingual gyrus (pair) ; medial occipitotemporal gyrus (pair)
74518 38859 6065
sulcus occipitotemporalis (par) ; sulcus occipitotemporalis lateralis (par)
occipitotemporal sulcus (pair) ; lateral occipitotemporal sulcus (pair)
38849 8704
area striata inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial striate area (pair)
68614 9119 9119
cortex visualis primarius ; area striata
primary visual cortex ; striate area
38853 8709
area extrastriata inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial extrastriate area (pair)
61825 38441 6017
lobus temporalis (par) P4 82 children
temporal lobe (pair)
38616 8705
facies superolateralis (par)
superolateral surface (pair)
74890 38619 6018
polus temporalis (par)
temporal pole (pair)
61905 38622 6019
gyrus temporalis superior (par)
superior temporal gyrus (pair)
38625 8706
pars anterior (par) ; cortex auditorius secundarius (par)
anterior part (pair) ; secondary auditory cortex (pair) ; belt area (pair)
38628 8708
pars posterior (par)
posterior part (pair)
74891 6020 6020
operculum temporale
temporal operculum
71043 38634 8710
planum polare (par)
polar plane (pair)
273671 38638 6021
gyri temporales transversi (par)
transverse temporal gyri (pair)
31170 12252
cortex auditorius primarius (par)
primary auditory cortex (pair) ; core area (pair)
61909 38641 6022
gyrus temporalis transversus anterior (par)
anterior transverse temporal gyrus (pair)
61910 38644 6023
gyrus temporalis transversus posterior (par)
posterior transverse temporal gyrus (pair)
71045 38647 6024
planum temporale (par)
temporal plane (pair)
83782 38651 6025
sulci temporales transversi (par)
transverse temporal sulci (pair)
38654 8711
sulcus temporalis transversus anterior (par)
anterior transverse temporal sulcus (pair)
38657 8712
sulcus temporalis transversus intermedius (par)
intermediate transverse temporal sulcus (pair)
38660 8713
sulcus temporalis transversus posterior (par)
posterior transverse temporal sulcus (pair)
83783 38663 6026
sulcus temporalis superior (par)
superior temporal sulcus (pair)
61906 38666 6027
gyrus temporalis medius (par)
middle temporal gyrus (pair)
83784 38669 6028
sulcus temporalis inferior (par)
inferior temporal sulcus (pair)
61907 38672 6029
gyrus temporalis inferior (par)
inferior temporal gyrus (pair)
38856 9129
facies inferomedialis (par)
inferomedial surface (pair)
61907 6029 6029
gyrus temporalis inferior
inferior temporal gyrus
74518 6065 6065
sulcus occipitotemporalis ; sulcus occipitotemporalis lateralis
occipitotemporal sulcus ; lateral occipitotemporal sulcus
61908 38843 6063
gyrus fusiformis (par) ; gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis (par)
fusiform gyrus (pair) ; lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (pair)
27933 12164
pars medialis gyri fusiformis (par)
medial part of fusiform gyrus (pair)
28290 12165
pars lateralis gyri fusiformis (par)
lateral part of fusiform gyrus (pair)
38862 8714
cortex ectorhinalis (par)
ectorhinal cortex (pair)
28302 12166
sulcus fusiformis medius (par)
midfusiform sulcus (pair)
83751 6042 6042
sulcus collateralis ; sulcus occipitotemporalis medialis
collateral sulcus ; medial occipitotemporal sulcus
61918 6070 6070
gyrus parahippocampalis
parahippocampal gyrus
67329 38675 6030
insula (par) P4 44 children
insula (pair) ; insular lobe (pair)
274526 38679 6031
gyri insulae (par)
insular gyri (pair)
67555 38682 6032
gyri longi insulae (par)
long gyri of insula (pair)
274723 45794 11498
gyrus longus anterior insulae (par)
anterior long gyrus of insula (pair)
274729 45797 11508
gyrus longus posterior insulae (par)
posterior long gyrus of insula (pair)
61913 38686 6033
gyri breves insulae (par)
short gyri of insula (pair)
274705 45800 11509
gyrus brevis anterior insulae (par)
anterior short gyrus of insula (pair)
274711 45803 11510
gyrus brevis medius insulae (par)
middle short gyrus of insula (pair)
274717 45806 11511
gyrus brevis posterior insulae (par)
posterior short gyrus of insula (pair)
28314 12167
gyrus transversus insulae (par)
transverse gyrus of insula (pair)
61915 45812 11513
gyrus accessorius anterior insulae (par)
anterior accessory gyrus of insula (pair)
83753 38692 6035
sulcus circularis insulae (par) ; sulcus periinsularis (par)
circular sulcus of insula (pair) ; periinsular sulcus (pair)
83779 38689 6034
sulcus centralis superior insulae (par)
superior central sulcus of insula (pair)
75266 38695 6036
limen insulae (par)
limen of insula (pair)
25261 9241
regio peripaleocorticalis claustralis (par)
claustral peripaleocortical region (pair)
72719 38865 6066
lobus limbicus (par) P4 137 children
limbic lobe (pair)
275048 38868 8717
gyrus limbicus (par)
limbic gyrus (pair) ; outer ring of limbic lobe (pair)
61890 6047 6047
area subcallosa ; gyrus subcallosus
subcallosal area ; subcallosal gyrus
62434 38871 6067
gyrus cingularis (par)
cingulate gyrus (pair) ; gyrus of cingulum (pair)
61916 38874 8718
pars anterior (par)
anterior cingulate cortex (pair)
276530 38877 8720
pars media (par)
midcingulate cortex (pair)
61924 38880 8726
pars posterior (par)
posterior cingulate cortex (pair)
9433 9433
cortex retrosplenialis
retrosplenial cortex
62502 38886 6068
isthmus gyri cingularis (par)
isthmus of cingulate gyrus (pair)
61918 38889 6070
gyrus parahippocampalis (par)
parahippocampal gyrus (pair)
38892 8740
cortex entorhinalis (par)
entorhinal cortex (pair)
38895 8741
substantia reticularis alba (par)
white reticular matter (pair)
38898 8742
verrucae hippocampi (par)
hippocampal warts (pair)
29864 8719
cortex perirhinalis (par)
perirhinal cortex (pair)
28484 9432
subregio transentorhinalis (par)
transentorhinal subregion (pair)
74884 38901 6071
uncus (par)
uncus (pair)
38904 8734
gyrus ambiens (par)
ambient gyrus (pair)
38907 8735
sulcus semianularis (par)
semianular sulcus (pair)
38910 8736
gyrus semilunaris (par)
semilunar gyrus (pair)
38913 8737
gyrus uncinatus (par)
uncinate gyrus (pair)
38916 8738
limbus fasciae dentatae (par)
limbus of dentate gyrus (pair)
275054 38919 8739
gyrus intralimbicus (par)
intralimbic gyrus (pair) ; uncal apex (pair)
83751 6042 6042
sulcus collateralis ; sulcus occipitotemporalis medialis
collateral sulcus ; medial occipitotemporal sulcus
83746 38922 6076
sulcus rhinalis (par)
rhinal sulcus (pair)
38925 8756
sulcus intrarhinalis (par)
intrarhinal sulcus (pair)
26489 12155
regio periamygdaloidea (par)
periamygdaloid region (pair)
74038 38928 8721
formatio hippocampi (par)
hippocampal formation (pair) ; inner ring of limbic lobe (pair)
277774 38931 8722
pars precommissuralis hippocampi (par)
precommissural part of hippocampus (pair)
38934 8723
pars supracommissuralis hippocampi (par)
supracommissural part of hippocampus (pair)
62439 38937 6083
stria longitudinalis lateralis (par)
lateral longitudinal stria (pair)
62488 38940 6082
indusium griseum (par)
indusium griseum (pair)
67956 38943 6084
stria longitudinalis medialis (par)
medial longitudinal stria (pair)
277777 38946 8724
hippocampus proprius (par) ; pars retrocommissuralis hippocampi (par)
proper hippocampus (pair) ; retrocommissural part of hippocampus (pair)
31867 12253
divisiones hippocampi proprii (par)
subdivisions of proper hippocampus (pair)
323277 39273 6146
pes hippocampi (par)
pes of hippocampus (pair)
39277 6147
digitationes hippocampi (par)
hippocampal digitations (pair)
275036 39280 9275
caput hippocampi (par) ; segmentum anterius hippocampi (par)
head of hippocampus (pair) ; anterior segment (pair)
275030 39283 9278
corpus hippocampi (par) ; segmentum medium hippocampi (par)
body of hippocampus (pair) ; middle segment of hippocampus (pair)
275042 39286 9294
cauda hippocampi (par) ; segmentum posterius hippocampi (par)
tail of hippocampus (pair) ; posterior segment of hippocampus (pair)
83747 38949 6072
sulcus hippocampalis (par)
hippocampal sulcus (pair)
61922 38952 6073
gyrus dentatus (par) ; fascia dentata (par)
dentate gyrus (pair) ; dentate fascia (pair)
83728 38955 6074
sulcus fimbriodentatus (par)
fimbriodentate sulcus (pair)
38959 8762
dentes subiculi (par) ; gyri subspleniales (par)
teeth of subiculum (pair) ; subsplenial gyri (pair) ; gyri of Andreas Retzius (pair)
61921 38962 6069
gyrus fasciolaris (par)
fasciolar gyrus (pair)
275093 38965 8757
fasciola cinerea (par)
fasciola cinerea (pair)
74414 39305 6149
subiculum (par)
subiculum (pair)
62486 29102 6148
presubiculum (par)
presubiculum (pair)
77604 29105 6145
parasubiculum (par)
parasubiculum (pair)
86464 6077 6077
corpus callosum P4 4 children
corpus callosum
61945 6078 6078
rostrum
rostrum
61946 6079 6079
genu
genu
61947 6080 6080
truncus ; corpus
trunk ; body
61948 6081 6081
splenium
splenium
61844 6098 6098
septum pellucidum P4 4 children
septum pellucidum
61874 6099 6099
cavum
cave
62472 28864 6100
lamina (par)
layer (pair)
32247 12096
morphologia interna telencephali
internal morphology of telencephalon
61830 38968 6124
cortex cerebri (par)
cerebral cortex (pair)
61830 38971 5972
pallium (par)
pallium (pair)
38974 8793
pallium dorsale (par)
dorsal pallium (pair)
38977 8798
pallium laterale (par)
lateral pallium (pair)
38980 8826
pallium mediale (par)
medial pallium (pair)
38983 8827
pallium ventrale (par)
ventral pallium (pair)
62429 38986 6130
isocortex (pair) ; neocortex (pair)
38989 8830
isocortex granularis (par)
granular isocortex (pair)
38992 8851
areae sensoriae primariae (par)
primary sensory areas (pair)
38995 8852
areae sensoriae unimodales (par)
unimodal sensory areas (pair)
38998 8853
areae associationis ordini magni (par); areae majores associationis (par)
higher order association areas (pair); principal association areas (pair)
39001 8868
isocortex agranularis (par)
agranular isocortex (pair)
39004 8869
area motoria primaria (par)
primary motor area (pair)
39008 8919
areae motoriae nonprimariae (par)
nonprimary motor areas (pair)
242257 39012 6131
strata isocorticis (par)
layers of isocortex (pair)
242259 39015 6132
lamina molecularis (par) ; lamina I (par)
molecular layer (pair) ; layer I (pair)
242264 39018 6133
lamina granularis externa (par) ; lamina II (par)
external granular layer (pair) ; layer II (pair)
242283 39021 6134
lamina pyramidalis externa (par) ; lamina III (par)
external pyramidal layer (pair) ; layer III (pair)
242298 39024 6135
lamina granularis interna (par) ; lamina IV (par)
internal granular layer (pair) ; layer IV (pair)
242313 39027 6136
lamina pyramidalis interna (par) ; lamina V (par)
internal pyramidal layer (pair) ; layer V (pair)
242333 39031 6137
lamina multiformis (par) ; lamina VI (par)
multiform layer (pair) ; layer VI (pair)
39035 8928
striae fibrarum myelinatarum isocorticis (par)
striae of myelinated fibres of isocortex (pair) ▲
77807 39038 6138
stria laminae molecularis (par) ; lamina 1 (par) ; lamina tangentialis (par)
stria of molecular layer of isocortex (pair) ; layer 1 (pair) ; tangential layer (pair)
39041 8929
sublamina superficialis (par) ; sublamina 1a (par)
superficial sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 1a (pair)
39044 8982
sublamina intermedia (par) ; sublamina 1b (par)
intermediate sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 1b (pair)
39047 9021
sublamina profunda (par) ; sublamina 1c (par)
deep sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 1c (pair)
39050 9022
lamina dysfibrosa (par) ; lamina 2 (par)
dysfibrous layer (pair) ; layer 2 (pair)
39053 9083
lamina suprastriata (par) ; lamina 3 (par)
suprastriate layer (pair); layer 3 (pair)
39056 9084
sublamina superficialis (par) ; sublamina 3a (par)
superficial sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 3a (pair)
39059 9085
sublamina intermedia (par) ; sublamina 3b (par)
intermediate sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 3b (pair)
39062 9086
sublamina profunda (par) ; sublamina 3c (par)
deep sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 3c (pair)
39065 9087
stria laminae pyramidalis externae (par) ; lamina 4 (par)
stria of external pyramidal layer of isocortex (pair) ; layer 4 (pair)
39068 9101
lamina intrastriata (par) ; sublamina 5a (par)
intrastriate layer (pair); sublayer 5a (pair)
77809 39071 6142
stria laminae pyramidalis internae (par) ; sublamina 5b (par)
stria of internal pyramidal layer of isocortex (pair) ; sublayer 5b (pair)
39074 9102
lamina substriata limitans (par) ; lamina 6 (par)
substriate and limiting layer (pair); layer 6 (pair)
39077 9109
sublamina substriata (par) ; sublamina 6a (par)
substriate sublayer (pair); sublayer 6a (pair)
39080 9110
sublamina limitans (par) ; sublamina 6b (par)
limiting sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 6b (pair)
39083 9114
stria verticalis (par)
vertical stria (pair)
39086 9116
columna corticalis isocorticis (par)
cortical column of isocortex (pair)
68614 39089 9119
cortex visualis primarius (par) ; area striata (par)
primary visual cortex (pair) ; striate area (pair)
75667 39092 6141
stria occipitalis (par)
occipital stripe (pair)
39095 9126
columna dominantiae ocularis (par)
ocular dominance column (pair)
39098 9127
columna orientationis (par)
orientation column (pair)
39101 9132
hypercolumna (par)
hypercolumn (pair)
39105 9135
neura isocorticis (par)
neurons of isocortex (pair)
39109 9139
neura projectionis isocorticis (par) ; neura pyramidalia isocorticis (par)
projection neurons of isocortex (pair); pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair)
28161 8814
neura pyramidalia magna isocorticis (par)
large pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; large pyramidal cells of isocortex (pair)
28165 8815
neura pyramidalia gigantea isocorticis (par)
giant pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; giant pyramidal cells of isocortex (pair)
39115 9143
neura commissuralia isocorticis (par)
commissural neurons of isocortex (pair)
39119 8816
neura pyramidalia media isocorticis (par)
middle pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; medium-sized pyramidal cells of isocortex (pair)
39123 9155
neura associationis isocorticis (par)
association neurons of isocortex (pair)
39127 8817
neura pyramidalia parva isocorticis (par)
small pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; small pyramidal cells of isocortex (pair)
39131 9170
interneura isocorticis (par)
interneurons of isocortex (pair)
28279 8818
interneura excitatoria isocorticis (par) ; interneura spinosa isocorticis (par)
excitatory interneurons of isocortex (pair) ; spiny interneurons of isocortex (pair)
28283 8819
neura stellata spinosa isocorticis (par)
spiny stellate neurons of isocortex (pair) ; spiny stellate cells of isocortex (pair)
28287 8820
interneura inhibitoria isocorticis (par) ; interneura levia isocorticis (par)
inhibitory interneurons of isocortex (pair) ; smooth interneurons of isocortex (pair)
28291 8821
neura axodendritica isocorticis (par)
axodendritic neurons of isocortex (pair) ; axodendritic cells of isocortex (pair)
28303 8822
neura bipolaria isocorticis (par)
bipolar neurons of isocortex (pair) ; bipolar cells of isocortex (pair)
28307 8823
neura horizontalia isocorticis (par)
horizontal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; horizontal cells of isocortex (pair)
28311 8824
neura multiplumosa isocorticis (par)
multitufted neurons of isocortex (pair) ; multititufted cells of isocortex (pair)
28315 8825
neura neurogliaformia isocorticis (par) ; neura araneiformia isocorticis (par)
neurogliaform neurons of isocortex (pair) ; spiderweb cells of isocortex (pair); neurogliaform cells of isocortex (pair)
28319 8828
neura racemiformia biracemiformia isocorticis (par) ; neura biplumosa isocorticis (par)
double dendritic bouquet neurons of isocortex (pair); bitufted neurons of isocortex (pair) ; double dendritic bouquet cells of isocortex (pair)
28295 8829
neura axosomatodendritica isocorticis (par)
axosomatodendritic neurons of isocortex (pair) ; axosomatodendritic cells of isocortex (pair)
28323 8831
neura corbiformia magna isocorticis (par)
large basket neurons of isocortex (pair); large basket cells of isocortex (pair)
28327 8832
neura corbiformia parva isocorticis (par)
small basket neurons of isocortex (pair); small basket cells of isocortex (pair)
28299 8833
neura axoaxonalia isocorticis (par)
axoaxonal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; axoaxonal cells of isocortex (pair)
28331 8834
neura candelaria isocorticis (par)
chandelier neurons of isocortex (pair) ; chandelier cells of isocortex (pair)
39148 9180
claustroinsular complex (pair)
67440 39151 6187
claustrum (par)
claustrum (pair)
39154 9186
claustrum dorsale (par) ; claustrum insulare (par)
dorsal claustrum (pair) ; insular claustrum (pair)
39157 9187
claustrum ventrale (par) ; nucleus endopiriformis (par)
ventral claustrum (pair) ; endopiriform nucleus (pair)
39160 9188
cortex insularis (par)
insular cortex (pair)
39163 9189
cortex insularis agranularis (par)
agranular insular cortex (pair)
39166 9206
neura projectionis corticis insularis (par)
projection neurons of insular cortex (pair)
39169 9222
neura bipolaria magna corticis insularis (par)
large bipolar neurons of insular cortex (pair) ; spindle cells of insular cortex (pair); large bipolar cells of insular cortex (pair)
39172 9223
cortex insularis dysgranularis (par)
dysgranular insular cortex (pair)
39175 9227
cortex insularis granularis (par)
granular insular cortex (pair)
83687 39178 6128
allocortex (par)
allocortex (pair)
62430 39181 6126
paleocortex (par) P4 122 children
paleocortex (pair)
39185 9183
strata bulbi olfactorii (par)
layers of olfactory bulb (pair)
39188 9228
stratum neurofibrosum (par)
olfactory nerve layer (pair)
39191 9229
stratum glomerulare (par)
glomerular layer (pair)
39194 9230
glomerulus olfactorius (par)
olfactory glomerulus (pair)
39197 9231
stratum plexiforme externum (par)
external plexiform layer (pair)
39200 9232
stratum mitrale (par)
mitral cell layer (pair)
39203 9233
stratum plexiforme internum (par)
internal plexiform layer (pair)
39206 9234
stratum granulare (par)
granular layer (pair)
39210 9237
neura bulbi olfactorii (par)
neurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
28223 9332
neura projectionis bulbi olfactorii (par) ; neura principalia bulbi olfactorii (par)
projection neurons of olfactory bulb (pair); principal neurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
28227 9333
neura mitralia bulbi olfactorii (par)
mitral neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; mitral cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
28231 9334
neura plumosa bulbi olfactorii (par)
tufted neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; tufted cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
28235 9335
neura plumosa externa bulbi olfactorii (par)
external tufted neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; external tufted cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
28239 9364
neura plumosa media bulbi olfactorii (par)
middle tufted neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; middle tufted cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
28243 9365
neura plumosa interna bulbi olfactorii (par)
internal tufted neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; internal tufted cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
28247 9366
interneura bulbi olfactorii (par)
interneurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
28251 9367
interneura excitatoria bulbi olfactorii (par)
excitatory interneurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
28255 9368
neura juxtaglomerularia bulbi olfactorii (par)
juxtaglomerular neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; juxtaglomerular cells of olfactory bulb (pair); short-axon cells (pair)
28259 9379
interneura inhibitoria bulbi olfactorii (par)
inhibitory interneurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
28263 9380
neura granularia superficialia bulbi olfactorii (par)
superficial granule neurons of olfactory bulb (pair); superficial granule cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
28267 9383
neura granularia intermedia bulbi olfactorii (par)
intermediate granule neurons of olfactory bulb (pair); intermediate granule cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
28271 9384
neura granularia profunda bulbi olfactorii (par)
deep granule neurons of olfactory bulb (pair); deep granule cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
28275 9387
neura periglomerularia bulbi olfactorii (par)
periglomerular neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; periglomerular cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
28335 6306
cellulae dopaminergicae bulbi olfactorii (par)
dopaminergic cells of olfactory bulb (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A16 (pair)
77628 39213 6182
strata regionis retrobulbaris (par)
layers of retrobulbar region (pair)
39216 9238
stratum moleculare (par)
molecular layer (pair)
39219 9239
stratum densocellulare (par)
dense cell layer (pair)
39222 9240
stratum multiforme (par)
multiform layer (pair)
39226 9242
strata corticis piriformis (par)
layers of piriform cortex (pair)
39229 9245
stratum moleculare (par)
molecular layer (pair)
39232 9246
stratum densocellulare (par)
dense cell layer (pair)
39235 9247
stratum multiforme (par)
multiform layer (pair)
39239 9243
strata regionis periamygdaloideae (par)
layers of periamygdaloid region (pair)
39242 9248
stratum moleculare (par)
molecular layer (pair)
39245 9250
stratum densocellulare (par)
dense cell layer (pair)
39249 9244
strata regionis peripaleocorticalis claustralis (par)
layers of claustral peripaleocortical region (pair)
39252 9251
stratum moleculare (par)
molecular layer (pair)
39255 9252
stratum densocellulare (par)
dense cell layer (pair)
39258 9253
stratum dissecans (par)
dissecting layer (pair)
39261 9272
stratum multiforme (par)
multiform layer (pair)
62424 39264 6125
archicortex (par) P4 121 children
archicortex (pair)
39290 9295
regiones hippocampi (par)
hippocampal fields (pair)
74042 39293 6151
cornu ammonis 1 (par)
CA1 field (pair)
72044 39296 6152
cornu ammonis 2 (par)
CA2 field (pair)
72045 39299 6153
cornu ammonis 3 (par)
CA3 field (pair)
75741 39302 6154
cornu ammonis 3h (par)
CA3h field (pair)
28169 6157
strata hippocampi (par)
layers of hippocampus (pair) ; layers of Ammon's horn (pair)
83149 28172 6158
stratum lacunomoleculare (par)
lacunomolecular layer (pair)
83894 28184 6161
stratum radiatum (par)
radiate layer (pair)
83895 28181 6160
stratum pyramidale (par)
pyramidal layer (pair)
83893 28175 6159
stratum oriens (par)
oriens layer (pair)
28188 9023
neura hippocampi (par)
neurons of hippocampus (pair)
28192 9298
neura projectionis hippocampi (par)
projection neurons of hippocampus (pair); principal neurons of hippocampus (pair)
28196 9299
neura pyramidalia hippocampi (par)
pyramidal neurons of hippocampus (pair) ; pyramidal cells of hippocampus (pair)
28200 9305
interneura hippocampi (par)
interneurons of hippocampus (pair)
28204 9307
interneura inhibitoria hippocampi (par)
inhibitory interneurons of hippocampus (pair)
28208 9312
neura corbiformia hippocampi (par)
basket neurons of hippocampus (pair); basket cells of hippocampus (pair)
28212 9326
neura bistratificata hippocampi (par)
bistratified neurons of hippocampus (pair) ; bistratified cells of hippocampus (pair)
28216 9328
neura candelaria hippocampi (par)
chandelier neurons of hippocampus (pair) ; chandelier cells of hippocampus (pair); axoaxonic neurons of hippocampus (pair)
31679 8764
substantia alba hippocampi (par)
white matter of hippocampus (pair) ; white substance of hippocampus (pair)
32090 13172
tractus commissurales hippocampi
commissural tracts of hippocampus
61970 6286 6286
commissura hippocampi ; psalterium
hippocampal commissure; psalterium
34735 9331
tractus descendentes hippocampi ; tractus descendentes originis hippocampi
descending tracts of hippocampus ; descending tracts of origin in hippocampus
61965 6091 6091
fornix
fornix
33889 8538
tractus proprii hippocampi ; tractus intrinsici hippocampi
proper tracts of hippocampus ; intrinsic tracts of hippocampus
28344 9396
neurofibrae muscosae hippocampi
mossy fibres of hippocampus
28348 9397
collaterales axonales hippocampi proprii
axonal collaterals of proper hippocampus
8539 8539
via endofolialis
endfolial pathway
28352 9398
collaterales axonales hilares hippocampi proprii
hilar axonal collaterals of proper hippocampus
83867 6156 6156
alveus hippocampi
alveus
83866 6075 6075
fimbria hippocampi
fimbria
83678 28356 6163
strata gyri dentati (par)
layers of dentate gyrus (pair)
83677 28359 6164
stratum moleculare gyri dentati (par)
molecular layer of dentate gyrus (pair)
83146 28362 6165
stratum granulare gyri dentati (par)
granular layer of dentate gyrus (pair)
72358 28365 6166
stratum multiforme gyri dentati (par)
multiform layer of dentate gyrus (pair)
28373 9399
neura gyri dentati (par)
neurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
28377 9400
neura projectionis gyri dentati (par) ; neura principalia gyri dentati (par)
projection neurons of dentate gyrus (pair); principal neurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
28381 9401
neura granularia gyri dentati (par)
granule neurons of dentate gyrus (pair); granule cells of dentate gyrus (pair)
28385 9402
interneura gyri dentati (par)
interneurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
28389 9403
interneura excitatoria gyri dentati (par)
excitatory interneurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
28393 9404
neura muscosa gyri dentati (par) ; neura stellata gyri dentati (par)
mossy neurons of dentate gyrus (pair) ; stellate neurons of dentate gyrus (pair) ; mossy cells of dentate gyrus (pair); stellate cells of dentate gyrus (pair)
28397 9405
interneura inhibitoria gyri dentati (par)
inhibitory interneurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
28401 9406
neura corbiformia pyramidalia gyri dentati (par)
pyramidal basket neurons of dentate gyrus (pair); pyramidal basket cells of dentate gyrus (pair)
28405 9407
neura candelaria gyri dentati (par) ; neura axoaxonalia gyri dentati (par)
chandelier neurons of dentate gyrus (pair) ; axoaxonal neurons of dentate gyrus (pair) ; chandelier cells of dentate gyrus (pair); axoaxonic cells of dentate gyrus (pair)
39309 11908
strata subiculi (par)
layers of subiculum (pair)
28418 8760
stratum moleculare subiculi (par)
molecular layer of subiculum (pair)
28421 8761
stratum pyramidale subiculi (par)
pyramidal layer of subiculum (pair)
28424 8763
stratum multiforme subiculi (par)
multiform layer of subiculum (pair)
84039 39311 6129
mesocortex (par) P4 101 children
mesocortex (pair)
39314 8920
proisocortex (par)
proisocortex (pair)
39317 8921
periallocortex (par)
periallocortex (pair)
39320 8922
peripaleocortex (par)
peripaleocortex (pair)
39323 8924
periarchicortex (par)
periarchicortex (pair)
28326 12168
strata presubiculi (par)
layers of presubiculum (pair)
28431 9411
stratum moleculare presubiculi (par)
molecular layer of presubiculum (pair)
28434 9412
stratum principale externum presubiculi (par)
external principal layer of presubiculum (pair)
28437 9413
stratum principale internum presubiculi (par)
internal principal layer of presubiculum (pair)
28428 12169
strata parasubiculi (par)
layers of parasubiculum (pair)
28444 9415
stratum moleculare parasubiculi (par)
molecular layer of parasubiculum (pair)
28447 9416
stratum cellulare parasubiculi (par)
cellular layer of parasubiculum (pair)
28451 9417
strata corticis entorhinalis (par)
layers of entorhinal cortex (pair)
28454 9418
stratum moleculare corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 1 corticis entorhinalis (par)
molecular layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 1 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
28457 9421
stratum principale externum corticis entorhinalis (par)
external principal layer of entorhinal cortex (pair)
28460 9422
stratum stellare corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 2 corticis entorhinalis (par)
cell island layer of entorhinal cortex (pair); layer 2 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
28463 9425
stratum pyramidale corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 3 corticis entorhinalis (par)
pyramidal layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 3 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
28466 9427
lamina dissecans corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 4 corticis entorhinalis (par)
dissecting layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 4 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
28469 9428
stratum principale internum corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 5 corticis entorhinalis (par)
internal principal layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 5 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
28472 9429
stratum magnocellulare corticis entorhinalis (par) ; sublamina 5a corticis entorhinalis (par)
magnocellular layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; sublayer 5a of entorhinal cortex (pair)
28475 9430
stratum parvocellulare corticis entorhinalis (par) ; sublamina 5b corticis entorhinalis (par)
parvocellular layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; sublayer 5b of entorhinal cortex (pair)
28478 9431
stratum 5c corticis entorhinalis (par) ; sublamina 5c corticis entorhinalis (par)
layer 5c of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; sublayer 5c of entorhinal cortex (pair)
45465 8766
strata corticis perirhinalis (par)
layers of perirhinal cortex (pair)
45468 8767
stratum moleculare corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 1 corticis perirhinalis (par)
molecular layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 1 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
45471 8768
stratum stellare corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 2 corticis perirhinalis (par)
cell island layer of perirhinal cortex (pair); layer 2 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
45474 8769
stratum pyramidale externum corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 3 corticis perirhinalis (par)
external pyramidal layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 3 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
45477 8770
lamina dissecans corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 4 corticis perirhinalis (par)
dissecting layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 4 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
25047 8771
stratum pyramidale internum corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 5 corticis perirhinalis (par)
internal pyramidal layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 5 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
25054 8772
stratum multiforme corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 6 corticis perirhinalis (par)
multiform layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 6 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
28499 9454
cortex cingularis (par)
cingulate cortex (pair)
28487 9433
cortex retrosplenialis (par)
retrosplenial cortex (pair)
28490 9434
cortex ectosplenialis (par)
ectosplenial cortex (pair)
28493 9443
cortex retrosplenialis granularis (par)
granular retrosplenial cortex (pair)
28496 9453
cortex retrosplenialis dysgranularis (par)
dysgranular retrosplenial cortex (pair)
83930 28502 9449
white matter of cerebral hemisphere (pair) ; white substance of cerebral hemisphere (pair)
28505 9459
centrum semiovale (par)
semioval centre (pair)
61960 6267 6267
capsula extrema
extreme capsule
62076 9508 9508
pedunculus temporalis
temporal peduncle
77636 6275 6275
fasciculus uncinatus cerebri
uncinate fasciculus of brain
77633 6276 6276
(fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior )
(inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus )
61950 25276 6239
capsula interna (par)
internal capsule (pair)
61952 27895 6241
crus anterius (par)
anterior limb (pair)
76976 5877 5877
radiatio thalamica anterior ; radiatio anterior thalami
anterior thalamic radiation
75223 6243 6243
tractus frontopontinus
frontopontine tract
61953 28517 6244
genu (par)
knee (pair)
75222 6245 6245
pars capsularis
capsular part
61954 27909 6246
crus posterius (par)
posterior limb (pair)
76978 5878 5878
radiatio thalamica centralis ; radiatio centralis thalami
central thalamic radiation
8528 8528
tractus corticoreticularis
corticoreticular tract
9196 9196
tractus corticorubralis
corticorubral tract
8527 8527
tractus corticospinalis
corticospinal tract
27729 8525
fibrae corticothalamicae
corticothalamic fibres
33887 8535
fibrae parietopontinae
parietopontine fibres
27902 7574
fibrae thalamoparietales
thalamoparietal fibres
61957 28520 6254
pars retrolentiformis (par)
retrolentiform limb (pair); retrolenticular limb (pair)
33886 8534
fibrae occipitopontinae
occipitopontine fibres
6256 6256
fibrae occipitotectales
occipitotectal fibres
61941 5884 5884
radiatio optica
optic radiation
28829 12178
fibrae geniculocalcarinae
geniculocalcarine fibres
76982 5886 5886
radiatio thalamica posterior ; radiatio posterior thalami
posterior thalamic radiation
61958 28523 6259
pars sublentiformis (par)
sublentiform limb (pair); sublenticular limb (pair)
8500 8500
radiatio acustica
acoustic radiation
28542 12176
fibrae geniculotemporales
geniculotemporal fibres
6261 6261
fibrae corticotectales
corticotectal fibres
61941 5884 5884
radiatio optica
optic radiation
28829 12178
fibrae geniculocalcarinae
geniculocalcarine fibres
33888 8536
fibrae temporopontinae
temporopontine fibres
27729 8525
fibrae corticothalamicae
corticothalamic fibres
260714 28015 7616
tractus associationis originis telencephali ; tractus associationis cerebri
association tracts of telencephalon; association tracts of brain
260717 6274 6274
fibrae associationis breves; fibrae U-figuratae
short association fibres; U-fibres ▲
77630 6273 6273
fibrae associationis longae
long association fibres ▲
14223 14223
systema longitudinale superius
superior longitudinal system
77631 6272 6272
fasciculus longitudinalis superior
superior longitudinal fasciculus
9484 9484
fasciculus longitudinalis superior I
superior longitudinal fasciculus I
9485 9485
fasciculus longitudinalis superior II
superior longitudinal fasciculus II
9486 9486
fasciculus longitudinalis superior III
superior longitudinal fasciculus III
11829 11829
fasciculus frontooccipitalis
frontooccipital fasciculus
77634 6277 6277
(fasciculus occipitofrontalis superior )
(superior occipitofrontal fasciculus )
276650 6269 6269
fasciculus arcuatus
arcuate fasciculus
14203 14203
systema longitudinale inferius
inferior longitudinal system
14221 14221
fasciculus frontooccipitalis inferior
inferior frontooccipital fasciculus
77636 6275 6275
fasciculus uncinatus cerebri
uncinate fasciculus of brain
77633 6276 6276
(fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior )
(inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus )
14215 14215
systema longitudinale medium
middle longitudinal system
14222 14222
fasciculus longitudinalis medius
middle longitudinal fasciculus
14216 14216
systema longitudinale basale
basal longitudinal system
77632 6271 6271
fasciculus longitudinalis inferior
inferior longitudinal fasciculus
14217 14217
systema longitudinale mesiale
mesial longitudinal system
260761 6270 6270
cingulum
cingulum
14218 14218
systema transversum anterius
anterior transverse system
9510 9510
fasciculus frontalis obliquus
oblique frontal fasciculus ; frontal aslant tract
14219 14219
systema transversum posterius
posterior transverse system
83457 11830 11830
fasciculus temporoparietalis verticalis
vertical temporoparietal fasciculus ; temporoparietal aslant tract
46180 14220
fibrae associationis lobares
lobar fibres of association
9511 9511
fasciculus frontalis orbitopolaris
orbitopolar frontal fasciculus
9512 9512
fasciculus frontomarginalis
frontomarginal fasciculus
28566 6278
fasciculi occipitales verticales
vertical occipital fasciculi
28564 6279
fibrae laterales
lateral fibres
28565 6280
fibrae caudales
caudal fibres
6281 6281
fasciculi occipitales horizontales
horizontal occipital fasciculi
6282 6282
fibrae cuneatae
cuneate fibres
6283 6283
fibrae linguales
lingual fibres
61959 28508 6266
capsula externa (par)
external capsule (pair)
26535 8522
tractus commissurales originis cerebri; tractus commissurales cerebri
commissural tracts of telencephalon; commissural tracts of brain
6285 6285
fibrae corporis callosi
fibres of corpus callosum
77693 6085 6085
radiatio corporis callosi
radiation of corpus callosum
61944 6086 6086
forceps minor ; forceps frontalis
lesser forceps ; frontal forceps
61949 6087 6087
forceps major ; forceps occipitalis
major forceps; occipital forceps
77208 6088 6088
tapetum
tapetum
61970 6286 6286
commissura hippocampi ; psalterium
hippocampal commissure; psalterium
61961 5799 5799
commissura anterior
anterior commissure
61963 6089 6089
pars anterior commissurae anterioris
anterior part of anterior commissure
61964 6090 6090
pars posterior commissurae anterioris
posterior part of anterior commissure
25193 8524
tractus descendentes originis cerebri
descending tracts of origin in telencephalon
77637 9509 9509
fasciculus subcallosus
subcallosal bundle
84379 6193 6193
fasciculus peduncularis descendens
descending peduncular fasciculus
13173 13173
fasciculus angularis
angular bundle
9395 9395
tractus perforans
perforating tract
28655 9544
fibrae corticostriatales
corticostriatal fibres
27729 8525
fibrae corticothalamicae
corticothalamic fibres
6256 6256
fibrae occipitotectales
occipitotectal fibres
72634 8526 8526
tractus pyramidalis
pyramidal tract
9196 9196
tractus corticorubralis
corticorubral tract
8528 8528
tractus corticoreticularis
corticoreticular tract
12525 12525
tractus corticonuclearis
corticonuclear tract
8527 8527
tractus corticospinalis
corticospinal tract
32020 12543
tractus corticopontini
corticopontine tracts
25044 8532
fibrae frontopontinae
frontopontine fibres
33887 8535
fibrae parietopontinae
parietopontine fibres
33888 8536
fibrae temporopontinae
temporopontine fibres
33886 8534
fibrae occipitopontinae
occipitopontine fibres
18661 28514 6265
corona radiata (par)
corona radiata (pair)
61841 28665 6168
amygdaloid body (pair) ; amygdaloid complex (pair); amygdala (pair)
28669 9547
nuclei basolaterales (par)
basolateral nuclei (pair)
68855 28675 6173
nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae (par)
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
68858 28678 6174
nucleus basalis medialis amygdalae (par)
basomedial amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
77606 28672 6169
area transitionis amygdaloclaustralis (par)
amygdaloclaustral transition area (pair)
61866 28681 6178
nucleus lateralis amygdalae (par)
lateral amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
28685 9579
nuclei centromediales (par)
centromedial nuclei (pair)
74047 27210 6175
nucleus centralis amygdalae (par)
central amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
74046 28688 6179
nucleus medialis amygdalae (par)
medial amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
28692 9580
nuclei intercalati amygdalae (par)
intercalated amygdaloid nuclei (pair)
28695 9581
area transitionis amygdalostriatalis (par)
amygdalostriatal transition area (pair)
28698 9582
amygdala extenta (par)
extended amygdala (pair)
61884 28883 6185
nucleus striae terminalis (par)
bed nucleus of stria terminalis (pair)
28889 9123
divisio lateralis nuclei striae terminalis (par)
lateral subdivision of bed nucleus of stria terminalis (pair)
28892 9124
divisio medialis nuclei striae terminalis (par)
medial subdivision of bed nucleus of stria terminalis (pair)
77609 28886 6186
pars sublenticularis amygdalae (par)
sublenticular extended amygdala (pair)
77699 28895 6177
nucleus interstitialis amygdalae (par) ; nucleus interstitialis partis posterioris commissurae anterioris (par)
interstitial amygdaloid nucleus (pair); interstitial nucleus of posterior part of anterior commissure (pair)
28701 9583
amygdala olfactoria (par)
olfactory amygdala (pair)
61861 28901 6172
area amygdaloidea anterior (par)
anterior amygdaloid area (pair)
28910 9846
nucleus corticalis anterior amygdalae (par)
anterior cortical nucleus of amygdala (pair)
28913 9847
nucleus corticalis posterior amygdalae (par)
posterior cortical nucleus of amygdala (pair)
28916 9848
nucleus corticalis ventralis amygdalae (par)
ventral cortical nucleus of amygdala (pair)
61865 28919 6180
nucleus tractus olfactorii lateralis (par)
nucleus of lateral olfactory stria (pair)
77607 28904 6170
area transitionis amygdalohippocampalis (par)
amygdalohippocampal transition area (pair)
77608 28907 6171
area transitionis amygdalopiriformis (par)
amygdalopiriform transition area (pair)
62485 28922 6181
cortex periamygdaloideus (par)
periamygdaloid cortex (pair) ; parahippocampal amygdaloid transition area (pair)
31842 8786
substantia alba corporis amygdaloidei (par)
white matter of amygdaloid body (pair)
27729 8525
fibrae corticothalamicae
corticothalamic fibres
61974 6111 6111
stria terminalis
stria terminalis
8544 8544
fasciculus amygdalofugiens ventralis
ventral amygdalofugal bundle
25797 8126
fibrae amygdalotegmentales
amygdalotegmental fibres
77616 28659 6230
subpallium (par) P4 14 children
subpallium (pair)
77618 28083 6231
striatum (par)
striatum (pair)
83684 28102 6233
pallidum (par)
pallidum (pair)
28662 9545
area diagonalis (par)
diagonal band area (pair)
62313 27958 5785
area preoptica (par)
preoptic area (pair)
28736 6216
nuclei basales (par) P4 162 children
basal nuclei (pair)
61833 28739 6217
nucleus caudatus (par)
caudate nucleus (pair)
61852 28742 6218
caput nuclei caudati (par)
head of caudate nucleus (pair)
61853 28745 6219
corpus nuclei caudati (par)
body of caudate nucleus (pair)
61854 28748 6220
cauda nuclei caudati (par)
tail of caudate nucleus (pair)
77615 28751 6221
nucleus lentiformis (par) ; nucleus lenticularis (par)
lentiform nucleus (pair) ; lenticular nucleus (pair)
61834 28754 6222
putamen (par)
putamen (pair)
62469 6223 6223
lamina medullaris lateralis ; lamina medullaris externa
lateral medullary layer ; external medullary layer
61839 28760 6224
globus pallidus lateralis (par); globus pallidalis externus (par)
lateral segment of globus pallidus (pair); external segment of globus pallidus (pair)
62470 6225 6225
lamina medullaris medialis ; lamina medullaris interna
medial medullary layer ; internal medullary layer
61840 28766 6226
globus pallidus medialis (par); globus pallidalis internus (par)
medial segment of globus pallidus (pair); internal segment of globus pallidus (pair)
28769 6227
pars lateralis (par)
lateral part (pair)
62471 28772 6228
lamina medullaris accessoria (par)
accessory medullary layer (pair)
28775 6229
pars medialis (par)
medial part (pair)
28778 9839
substantia grisea striati (par)
grey matter of striatum (pair)
77620 28781 6232
striatum dorsale (par)
dorsal striatum (pair)
28784 9840
substantia grisea nuclei caudati (par)
grey matter of caudate nucleus (pair)
28787 9841
striosoma (par)
striosome (pair)
28790 9842
matrix striatalis (par)
striatal matrix (pair)
28794 6240
pontes grisei caudatolenticulares (par) ; pontes grisei transcapsulares (par)
caudatolenticular grey bridges (pair) ; transcapsular grey bridges (pair)
77614 28800 6205
striatum ventrale (par)
ventral striatum (pair)
28803 9844
fundus striati (par)
fundus of striatum (pair)
61889 28806 6206
nucleus accumbens (par)
nucleus accumbens (pair)
77385 28809 6207
pars centralis (par)
central part (pair) ; core region (pair)
77386 28812 6208
pars medialis (par)
medial part (pair) ; shell region (pair)
61891 44796 6199
tuberculum olfactorium (par)
olfactory tubercle (pair)
28816 6194
insulae olfactoriae (par) ; insulae terminales (par)
olfactory insulae (pair) ; terminal insulae (pair) ; olfactory islands (pair); terminal islands (pair)
28964 9852
neura striati (par)
neurons of striatum (pair)
28995 9853
neura projectionis striati (par) ; neura principalia striati (par)
projection neurons of striatum (pair); principal neurons of striatum (pair)
28999 8791
neura spinosa magnitudinis mediae striati (par)
middle spiny neurons of striatum (pair) ; medium-sized spiny cells of striatum (pair)
29003 8792
interneura striati (par)
interneurons of striatum (pair)
29007 8794
interneura excitatoria striati (par)
excitatory interneurons of striatum (pair)
29011 8795
interneura cholinergica striati (par)
cholinergic interneurons of striatum (pair) ; aspiny type II cholinergic interneurons (pair)
29015 8797
interneura inhibitoria striati (par)
inhibitory interneurons of striatum (pair)
29019 8799
interneura GABAergica striati (par)
GABAergic interneurons of striatum (pair) ; aspiny type I GABAergic interneurons (pair)
28819 9845
substantia grisea pallidi (par)
grey matter of pallidum (pair)
77619 28099 6234
pallidum dorsale (par) ; globus pallidalis (par)
dorsal pallidum (pair) ; globus pallidus (pair)
28105 9145
pallidum ventrale (par)
ventral pallidum (pair)
28968 8800
neura globi pallidi (par)
neurons of globus pallidus (pair)
28972 8801
neura projectionis globi pallidi (par) ; neura principalia globi pallidi (par)
projection neurons of globus pallidus (pair); principal neurons of globus pallidus (pair)
28976 8804
neura magna globi pallidi (par)
large cells of globus pallidus (pair)
28979 8805
substantia alba nucleorum basalium (par)
white matter of basal nuclei (pair)
28983 8806
tractus striatales (par)
striatal tracts (pair)
61960 6267 6267
capsula extrema
extreme capsule
61959 6266 6266
capsula externa
external capsule
77637 9509 9509
fasciculus subcallosus
subcallosal bundle
62070 5874 5874
ansa lenticularis
ansa lenticularis
61976 5875 5875
fasciculus lenticularis
lenticular fasciculus
77525 5888 5888
fasciculus subthalamicus
subthalamic fasciculus
62065 5890 5890
fasciculus thalamicus
thalamic fasciculus
28987 8807
connexus striatales (par)
striatal pathways (pair)
29032 8808
connexus afferentes striatales (par)
striatal afferent pathways (pair)
28655 9544
fibrae corticostriatales
corticostriatal fibres
33905 8543
fibrae amygdalostriatales
amygdalostriatal fibres
28079 7918
fibrae thalamostriatales
thalamostriatal fibres
25254 8485
fibrae nigrostriatales
nigrostriatal fibres
29036 8809
connexus efferentes striatales (par)
striatal efferent pathways (pair)
33917 8546
fibrae striatopallidales
striatopallidal fibres
25146 8118
fibrae striatonigrales
striatonigral fibres
28991 8810
connexus pallidales (par)
pallidal pathways (pair)
29040 8811
connexus pallidales afferentes (par)
afferent pallidal pathways (pair)
33917 8546
fibrae striatopallidales
striatopallidal fibres
28086 7922
fibrae subthalamopallidales
subthalamopallidal fibres
29044 8812
connexus pallidales efferentes (par) ; fibrae pallidofugales (par)
efferent pallidal pathways (pair) ; pallidofugal fibres (pair) ▲
33928 8547
fibrae pallidosubthalamicae
pallidosubthalamic fibres
33929 8548
fibrae pallidothalamicae
pallidothalamic fibres
33930 8549
fibrae pallidohabenulares
pallidohabenular fibres
33931 8550
fibrae pallidonigrales
pallidonigral fibres
33932 8551
fibrae pallidotegmentales
pallidotegmental fibres
77700 28704 6167
basal forebrain proper (pair)
61887 28707 6183
substantia basalis (par)
basal substance (pair)
61887 28925 6184
nucleus basalis (par)
basal nucleus (pair)
28945 9849
cellulae cholinergicae substantiae basalis (par)
cholinergic cells of basal substance (pair)
28929 6316
cellulae cholinergicae nuclei septalis medialis (par) ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch1 (par)
cholinergic cells of medial septal nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic cells Ch1 (pair)
28933 6317
cellulae cholinergicae cruris verticalis striae diagonalis (par) ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch2 (par)
cholinergic cells of vertical limb of diagonal band (pair) ; cholinergic cells Ch2 (pair)
28937 6318
cellulae cholinergicae cruris horizontalis striae diagonalis (par) ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch3 (par)
cholinergic cells of horizontal limb of diagonal band (pair) ; cholinergic cells Ch3 (pair)
28941 6319
cellulae cholinergicae nuclei basalis (par) ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch4 (par)
cholinergic cells of basal nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic cells Ch4 (pair)
61884 6185 6185
nucleus striae terminalis
bed nucleus of stria terminalis
77609 6186 6186
pars sublenticularis amygdalae
sublenticular extended amygdala
61973 28948 6188
stria diagonalis (par)
diagonal band (pair)
77611 28951 6189
crus horizontale striae diagonalis (par)
horizontal limb of diagonal band (pair)
77612 28954 6190
crus verticale striae diagonalis (par)
vertical limb of diagonal band (pair)
61882 28957 6191
nucleus striae diagonalis (par)
nucleus of diagonal band (pair)
61885 28960 6192
substantia innominata (par)
innominate substance (pair)
28711 6209
nuclei septales (par)
septal nuclei (pair)
61877 28717 6210
nucleus septalis dorsalis (par)
dorsal septal nucleus (pair)
61878 28720 6211
nucleus septalis lateralis (par)
lateral septal nucleus (pair)
61879 28723 6212
nucleus septalis medialis (par)
medial septal nucleus (pair)
77547 28714 6101
nucleus septalis precommissuralis (par)
precommissural septal nucleus (pair)
61881 28726 6213
nucleus septofimbrialis (par)
septofimbrial nucleus (pair)
61880 28729 6214
nucleus septalis triangularis (par)
triangular septal nucleus (pair)
25128 8623
nuclei areae preopticae (par)
nuclei of preoptic area (pair)
62326 27961 5915
nucleus preopticus lateralis (par)
lateral preoptic nucleus (pair)
67890 27967 5916
nucleus preopticus medialis (par)
medial preoptic nucleus (pair)
62323 27970 5917
nucleus preopticus medianus (par)
median preoptic nucleus (pair)
62324 27973 5919
nucleus preopticus periventricularis (par)
periventricular preoptic nucleus (pair)
27976 8624
nucleus preopticus ventrolateralis (par)
ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (pair)
27980 5914
nuclei interstitiales (par)
interstitial nuclei (pair)
27983 8625
nucleus dimorphus sexualis (par)
sexual dimorphic nucleus (pair)
27987 8626
cellulae dopaminergicae areae preopticae (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A15 (par)
dopaminergic cells of preoptic area (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A15 (pair)
62008 5779 5779
hypothalamus P3 150 children
hypothalamus
28862 8613
external morphology of hypothalamus
74877 44681 5780
corpus mammillare (par)
mammillary body (pair)
74628 3540 3540
neurohypophysis ; lobus posterior
neurohypophysis ; posterior lobe
74635 3541 3541
infundibulum
infundibulum
74636 3542 3542
pars nervosa ; lobus nervosus
nervous part ; nervous lobe
62045 5781 5781
chiasma opticum
optic chiasm
62046 5782 5782
tractus opticus
optic tract
62327 5786 5786
tuber cinereum
tuber cinereum
29079 8612
morphologia interna hypothalami
internal morphology of hypothalamus
83915 9035 9035
grey matter of hypothalamus
62027 27700 5911
area hypothalamica anterior (par) ; area hypothalamica chiasmatica (par)
anterior hypothalamic area (pair) ; chiasmatic hypothalamic area (pair)
62319 25575 5912
nucleus anterior hypothalami (par)
anterior hypothalamic nucleus (pair)
25609 5913
nucleus periventricularis anterior (par)
anterior periventricular nucleus (pair)
62320 25611 5918
nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami (par)
paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (pair)
67883 25654 5920
nucleus suprachiasmaticus (par)
suprachiasmatic nucleus (pair)
62317 27549 5921
nucleus supraopticus (par)
supraoptic nucleus (pair)
76770 27550 5922
pars dorsolateralis (par)
dorsolateral part (pair)
76771 31603 5923
pars dorsomedialis (par)
dorsomedial part (pair)
76772 31605 5924
pars ventromedialis (par)
ventromedial part (pair)
27695 7487
pars anterior areae hypothalamicae lateralis (par)
anterior part of lateral hypothalamic area (pair)
27385 6305
cellulae dopaminergicae areae hypothalamicae anterioris (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A14 (par)
dopaminergic cells of anterior hypothalamic area (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A14 (pair)
62028 27390 5929
area hypothalamica intermedia (par) ; area hypothalamica chiasmatica (par)
intermediate hypothalamic area (pair); chiasmatic hypothalamic area (pair)
62331 27396 5931
nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami (par)
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (pair)
62329 45156 5932
nucleus arcuatus (par) ; nucleus infundibularis (par)
arcuate nucleus (pair) ; infundibular nucleus (pair)
27388 6303
cellulae dopaminergicae nuclei arcuati (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A12 (par)
dopaminergic cells of arcuate nucleus (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A12 (pair)
62349 27393 5934
nucleus periventricularis posterior (par)
posterior periventricular nucleus (pair)
62330 27401 5935
area retrochiasmatica (par)
retrochiasmatic area (pair)
27429 5936
nuclei tuberales laterales (par)
lateral tuberal nuclei (pair)
62332 27431 5937
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami (par)
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (pair)
77688 27435 5940
nucleus perifornicalis (par)
perifornical nucleus (pair)
25865 7524
pars tuberalis areae hypothalamicae lateralis (par)
tuberal part of lateral hypothalamic area (pair)
62029 27438 5942
area hypothalamica posterior (par) ; area hypothalamica corporis mammillaris (par) ; area hypothalamica mamillaria (par)
posterior hypothalamic area (pair) ; hypothalamic area of mammillary body (pair)
27569 8602
pars posterior areae hypothalamicae lateralis (par)
posterior part of lateral hypothalamic area (pair)
77006 27824 5943
nucleus premammillaris dorsalis (par)
dorsal premammillary nucleus (pair)
77007 27885 5947
nucleus premammillaris ventralis (par)
ventral premammillary nucleus (pair)
62335 27921 5941
nucleus tuberomammillaris (par)
tuberomammillary nucleus (pair)
62341 30713 5944
nucleus mammillaris lateralis (par)
lateral mammillary nucleus (pair)
62342 30724 5945
nucleus mammillaris medialis (par)
medial mammillary nucleus (pair)
62347 31614 5946
nucleus supramammillaris (par)
supramammillary nucleus (pair)
62350 31695 5948
nucleus posterior hypothalami (par)
posterior hypothalamic nucleus (pair)
31769 5950
zonae hypothalamicae (par)
hypothalamic zones (pair)
77682 31706 5951
zona periventricularis (par)
periventricular zone (pair)
77683 31722 5952
zona medialis (par)
medial zone (pair)
77684 31734 5953
zona lateralis (par)
lateral zone (pair)
83933 5954 5954
white matter of hypothalamus
27930 8615
tractus intrinsici hypothalami (par)
intrinsic tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
5966 5966
fibrae periventriculares hypothalami
periventricular fibres of hypothalamus
27934 8617
tractus commissurales hypothalami (par)
commissural tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
27937 7591
commissurae supraopticae
supraoptic commissures
62051 5956 5956
commissura supraoptica dorsalis
dorsal supraoptic commissure
62052 5968 5968
commissura supraoptica ventralis
ventral supraoptic commissure
27948 8618
tractus longi hypothalami (par)
long tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
27951 7593
tractus afferentes hypothalami (par)
afferent tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
8751 8751
fasciculus longitudinalis posterior descendens ; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis descendens
descending posterior longitudinal fasciculus ; descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
61974 6111 6111
stria terminalis
stria terminalis
8544 8544
fasciculus amygdalofugiens ventralis
ventral amygdalofugal bundle
61965 6091 6091
fornix
fornix
62061 8040 8040
pedunculus mammillaris
mammillary peduncle
77010 5969 5969
tractus retinohypothalamicus
retinohypothalamic tract
5330 5330
fibrae spinohypothalamicae
spinohypothalamic fibres
27955 8621
tractus efferentes hypothalami (par)
efferent tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
7939 7939
fasciculus mammillaris principalis
principal mammillary fasciculus
8654 8654
fasciculus mammillothalamicus
mammillothalamic fasciculus ; mamillothalamic tract ▲
8655 8655
fasciculus mammillotegmentalis
mammillotegmental fasciculus
7950 7950
fasciculus prosencephali medialis descendens
descending medial fasciculus of prosencephalon ; descending medial forebrain bundle
7963 7963
fibrae hypothalamocorticales
hypothalamocortical fibres
77008 33952 5959
tractus hypothalamohypophysiales
hypothalamohypophysial tracts
77009 8656 8656
tractus paraventriculohypophysialis
paraventriculohypophysial tract
8657 8657
tractus supraopticohypophysialis
supraopticohypophysial tract
77482 8415 8415
tractus hypothalamospinalis
hypothalamospinal tract
62001 5263 5263
diencephalon P3 404 children
diencephalon
27485 7511
external morphology of diencephalon
62010 39327 5775
prethalamus (par)
prethalamus (pair)
26915 9028
eminentia prethalamica (par)
prethalamic eminence (pair)
62080 5774 5774
stria medullaris prethalami ; stria medullaris thalami
stria medullaris of prethalamus; stria medullaris of thalamus
62007 39330 5769
thalamus (par)
thalamus (pair)
74867 39333 5770
tuberculum anterius thalami (par)
anterior thalamic tubercle (pair)
62178 39336 5772
pulvinar (par)
pulvinar (pair)
62023 39339 5776
metathalamus (par)
metathalamus (pair)
62209 5777 5777
corpus geniculatum laterale
lateral geniculate body
62211 5778 5778
corpus geniculatum mediale
medial geniculate body
62009 5765 5765
epithalamus
epithalamus
62032 39348 5766
habenula (par)
habenula (pair)
62048 5792 5792
commissura habenulae
habenular commissure
78466 39351 5767
sulcus habenulae (par) ; sulcus habenularis (par)
sulcus of habenula (pair)
74868 39354 5768
trigonum habenulare (par)
habenular trigone (pair)
62033 3543 3543
glandula pinealis ; corpus pineale
pineal gland ; pineal body
9185 9185
pretectum
pretectum
62072 5794 5794
commissura posterior
posterior commissure
28867 7512
morphologia interna diencephali
internal morphology of diencephalon
83917 9033 9033
grey matter of prethalamus
62026 39357 5849
nucleus reticularis prethalami (par) ; nucleus reticularis thalami (par)
reticular nucleus of prethalamus (pair) ; reticular nucleus of thalamus (pair)
62215 39360 5904
nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati lateralis (par) ; nucleus pregeniculatus (par)
ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (pair); pregeniculate nucleus (pair)
27806 5894
nuclei campi perizonalis (par)
nuclei of perizonal field (pair)
62037 27812 5895
nucleus campi medialis (par)
nucleus of medial field (pair) ; H field (pair)
77526 27818 5896
nucleus campi dorsalis (par)
nucleus of dorsal field (pair) ; H1 field (pair)
27821 5897
nucleus campi ventralis (par)
nucleus of ventral field (pair) ; H2 field (pair)
62038 27831 5898
zona incerta (par)
zona incerta (pair)
29964 6304
cellulae dopaminergicae zonae incertae (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A13 (par)
dopaminergic cells of zona incerta (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A13 (pair)
83914 39363 5813
grey matter of thalamus (pair)
39366 5814
nuclei anteriores thalami (par) ; regio anterior thalami (par)
anterior nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; anterior region of thalamus (pair)
62141 39369 5815
nucleus anterodorsalis (par)
anterodorsal nucleus (pair)
62142 39372 5816
nucleus anteromedialis (par)
anteromedial nucleus (pair)
62143 39375 5817
nucleus anteroventralis (par)
anteroventral nucleus (pair)
62176 26934 5819
nucleus dorsalis lateralis (par)
dorsal superficial nucleus (pair); laterodorsal nucleus (pair); lateral dorsal nucleus (pair)
26919 5832
nuclei mediales thalami (par) ; regio medialis thalami (par)
medial nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; medial region of thalamus (pair)
62156 26922 5833
nucleus mediodorsalis (par)
mediodorsal nucleus (pair)
62162 26925 5834
pars parvocellularis (par) ; nucleus lateralis (par)
parvocellular nucleus (pair); lateral nucleus (pair)
62161 26928 5835
pars magnocellularis (par) ; nucleus medialis (par)
magnocellular nucleus (pair); medial nucleus (pair)
62160 26931 5836
pars paralaminaris (par)
paralaminar part (pair)
26938 5826
nuclei intralaminares thalami (par)
intralaminar nuclei of thalamus (pair)
26942 8628
nuclei intralaminares anteriores (par)
anterior intralaminar nuclei (pair)
62171 26956 5828
nucleus centralis medialis (par)
central medial nucleus (pair)
62172 26959 5830
nucleus paracentralis (par)
paracentral nucleus (pair)
62170 26953 5827
nucleus centralis lateralis (par)
central lateral nucleus (pair)
29002 12224
nucleus cucullaris (par)
cucullar nucleus (pair)
26946 8629
nuclei intralaminares centrales (par)
central intralaminar nuclei (pair)
62165 26962 5829
nucleus centromedianus (par)
centromedian nucleus (pair)
62166 26965 5831
nucleus parafascicularis (par)
parafascicular nucleus (pair)
26971 8630
nucleus subparafascicularis (par)
subparafascicular nucleus (pair)
26950 8631
nuclei intralaminares posteriores (par)
posterior intralaminar nuclei (pair)
62220 26974 5846
nucleus limitans (par)
limitans nucleus (pair)
62222 26977 5848
nucleus suprageniculatus (par)
suprageniculate nucleus (pair)
26981 5850
nuclei laterales thalami (par) ; regio ventralis thalami (par)
lateral nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; ventral region of thalamus (pair)
62184 26984 5863
nucleus ventralis anterior (par)
ventral anterior nucleus (pair)
26987 5864
pars magnocellularis (par)
magnocellular division (pair)
26990 5865
pars principalis (par)
principal division (pair)
26994 5860
nuclei ventrales laterales (par)
lateral ventral nuclei (pair)
26997 5861
nucleus ventrolateralis anterior (par)
anterior ventrolateral nucleus (pair)
27000 5862
nucleus ventrolateralis posterior (par)
posterior ventrolateral nucleus (pair)
27003 5855
nuclei ventrales mediales (par)
medial ventral nuclei (pair)
27006 5856
nucleus ventromedialis basalis (par)
basal ventromedial nucleus (pair)
27009 5857
nucleus ventromedialis principalis (par)
principal ventromedial nucleus (pair)
27012 5858
nucleus submedialis (par)
submedial nucleus (pair)
27015 8632
nucleus ventromedialis posterior (par)
posterior ventromedial nucleus (pair)
27019 5851
nuclei ventrobasales (par)
ventrobasal nuclei (pair)
84350 27022 5852
nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (par)
ventral posterolateral nucleus (pair)
27034 9026
pars anterior (par)
anterior part (pair)
27037 9029
pars posterior (par)
posterior part (pair)
62202 27025 5853
nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (par)
ventral posteromedial nucleus (pair)
62207 27031 5854
pars parvocellularis (par)
parvocellular part (pair)
62199 27040 5859
nucleus ventralis posteroinferior (par)
ventral posteroinferior nucleus (pair)
27044 5838
nuclei periventriculares thalami (par)
periventricular nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; midline nuclei (pair)
62151 27047 5839
nucleus parataenialis (par)
parataenial nucleus (pair)
62152 27050 5840
nucleus paraventricularis thalami (par)
paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (pair)
62153 27053 5843
nucleus medioventralis (par) ; nucleus reuniens (par)
medioventral nucleus (pair) ; reuniens nucleus (pair)
27057 5845
nuclei posteriores thalami (par) ; regio posterior thalami (par)
posterior nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; posterior region of thalamus (pair)
62177 27060 5820
nucleus lateralis posterior (par)
lateral posterior nucleus (pair)
27064 5821
nuclei pulvinares (par)
pulvinar nuclei (pair)
62180 27067 5822
nucleus pulvinaris anterior (par)
anterior pulvinar nucleus (pair)
62183 27070 5823
nucleus pulvinaris inferior (par)
inferior pulvinar nucleus (pair)
62181 27073 5824
nucleus pulvinaris lateralis (par)
lateral pulvinar nucleus (pair)
62182 27076 5825
nucleus pulvinaris medialis (par)
medial pulvinar nucleus (pair)
27692 7521
corpora geniculata (par) ; nuclei geniculati thalami (par) ; regio geniculata (par)
geniculate bodies (pair) ; geniculate nuclei (pair) ; geniculate region (pair)
62209 39342 5777
corpus geniculatum laterale (par)
lateral geniculate body (pair)
62214 39378 5900
nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis (par)
dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (pair)
76988 27688 5901
strata koniocellularia (par)
koniocellular layers (pair)
39381 5902
strata magnocellularia (par)
magnocellular layers (pair)
39384 5903
strata parvocellularia (par)
parvocellular layers (pair)
62211 39345 5778
corpus geniculatum mediale (par)
medial geniculate body (pair)
39387 5906
nuclei corporis geniculati medialis (par)
nuclei of medial geniculate body (pair)
62217 39390 5907
nucleus ventralis (par)
ventral principal nucleus (pair)
62216 39393 5908
nucleus dorsalis (par)
dorsal nucleus (pair)
62218 39396 5909
nucleus magnocellularis medialis (par)
medial magnocellular nucleus (pair)
83932 39399 5870
white matter of thalamus (pair)
31846 9024
radices centrales thalami (par)
central roots of thalamus (pair)
62046 5782 5782
tractus opticus
optic tract
27716 8292
tractus proprii thalami (par)
intrinsic tracts of thalamus (pair)
62469 5871 5871
lamina medullaris lateralis
external medullary lamina
62470 5872 5872
lamina medullaris medialis
internal medullary lamina
5880 5880
fibrae intrathalamicae
intrathalamic fibres
5885 5885
fibrae periventriculares thalami
periventricular fibres of thalamus
26329 8307
tractus longi thalami (par)
long tracts of thalamus (pair)
27725 8311
tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis (par)
ascending spinal tracts (pair)
77766 12531 12531
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
27728 8318
fibrae spinothalamicae
spinothalamic fibres
7958 7958
tractus cervicothalamicus
cervicothalamic tract
27850 8633
tractus ascendentes trunci encephali (par)
ascending brain stem tracts (pair)
83675 5298 5298
lemniscus medialis
medial lemniscus
83852 34075 8426
tractus trigeminothalamici
trigeminothalamic tracts
12170 12170
tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis
lateral trigeminothalamic tract
5462 5462
tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus ventralis ; lemniscus trigeminalis
anterior trigeminothalamic tract ; ventral trigeminothalamic tract ; trigeminal lemniscus
72500 5463 5463
tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus dorsalis
posterior trigeminothalamic tract ; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
8430 8430
tractus vestibulothalamicus
vestibulothalamic tract
71114 5583 5583
brachium colliculi inferioris
brachium of inferior colliculus
72417 5584 5584
brachium colliculi superioris
brachium of superior colliculus
72495 5760 5760
pedunculus cerebellaris superior
superior cerebellar peduncle
27854 8634
tractus efferentes telencephali (par)
efferent telencephalic tracts (pair)
27729 8525
fibrae corticothalamicae
corticothalamic fibres
62070 5874 5874
ansa lenticularis
ansa lenticularis
61976 5875 5875
fasciculus lenticularis
lenticular fasciculus
62065 5890 5890
fasciculus thalamicus
thalamic fasciculus
8654 8654
fasciculus mammillothalamicus
mammillothalamic fasciculus ; mamillothalamic tract ▲
27868 8635
tractus efferentes thalami (par) ; radiationes thalamicae (par)
efferent tracts of thalamus (pair) ; thalamic radiations (pair)
76976 5877 5877
radiatio thalamica anterior ; radiatio anterior thalami
anterior thalamic radiation
27730 8498
fibrae thalamofrontales
thalamofrontal fibres
76978 5878 5878
radiatio thalamica centralis ; radiatio centralis thalami
central thalamic radiation
27902 7574
fibrae thalamoparietales
thalamoparietal fibres
76980 5879 5879
radiatio thalamica inferior ; radiatio inferior thalami
inferior thalamic radiation
33980 5876
fibrae thalamotemporales
thalamotemporal fibres
62071 7618 7618
ansa peduncularis
ansa peduncularis
8500 8500
radiatio acustica
acoustic radiation
76982 5886 5886
radiatio thalamica posterior ; radiatio posterior thalami
posterior thalamic radiation
61941 5884 5884
radiatio optica
optic radiation
7923 7923
fasciculus anterior
anterior bundle
7924 7924
fasciculus centralis
central bundle
7925 7925
fasciculus dorsalis
dorsal bundle
9184 9184
grey matter of epithalamus
62372 28062 5803
nucleus habenularis lateralis (par)
lateral habenular nucleus (pair)
62373 28065 5804
nucleus habenularis medialis (par)
medial habenular nucleus (pair)
6321 6321
cellulae cholinergicae epithalami ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch7
cholinergic cells of epithalamus ; cholinergic cells Ch7
9104 9104
white matter of epithalamus
26898 8637
tractus commissurales epithalami
commissural tracts of epithalamus
62048 5792 5792
commissura habenulae
habenular commissure
26900 8638
tractus longi epithalami
long tracts of epithalamus
26902 8639
tractus efferentes epithalami
epithalamic efferent tracts
5802 5802
tractus habenulointerpeduncularis ; fasciculus retroflexus
habenulointerpeduncular tract ; fasciculus retroflexus
8640 8640
grey matter of pretectum
62402 26851 5805
area pretectalis (par)
pretectal area (pair)
272352 26855 5806
nuclei pretectales (par)
pretectal nuclei (pair)
26858 5807
nucleus pretectalis anterior (par)
anterior pretectal nucleus (pair)
72403 26861 5808
nucleus tractus optici (par)
nucleus of optic tract (pair)
72405 26864 5809
nucleus pretectalis olivaris (par)
olivary pretectal nucleus (pair)
84355 26867 5810
nucleus pretectalis posterior (par)
posterior pretectal nucleus (pair)
68463 39402 8641
nucleus commissurae posterioris (par)
nucleus of posterior commissure (pair)
39405 8642
pars principalis (par)
principal part (pair)
39408 8643
pars magnocellularis (par)
magnocellular part (pair)
256154 26871 5638
nuclei accessorii tractus optici (par)
accessory nuclei of optic tract (pair)
77651 26874 5639
nucleus accessorius posterior tractus optici (par) ; nucleus accessorius dorsalis tractus optici (par)
posterior accessory nucleus of optic tract (pair) ; dorsal accessory nucleus of optic tract (pair)
77652 26877 5640
nucleus accessorius lateralis tractus optici (par)
lateral accessory nucleus of optic tract (pair)
77653 26880 5641
nucleus accessorius medialis tractus optici (par)
medial accessory nucleus of optic tract (pair)
8644 8644
white matter of pretectum
28051 8645
tractus commissurales pretecti (par)
commissural tracts of pretectum (pair)
62072 5794 5794
commissura posterior
posterior commissure
28055 8647
tractus longi pretecti (par)
long tracts of pretectum (pair)
28059 8648
tractus descendentes pretecti (par)
descending tracts of pretectum (pair)
8490 8490
tractus tegmentalis medialis
medial tegmental tract
8491 8491
tractus pretectoolivaris
pretectoolivary tract
8622 8622
prerubral tegmentum ; diencephalic tegmentum
8650 8650
substantia grisea tegmenti prerubralis
grey matter of prerubral tegmentum of diencephalon
26887 8144
nucleus interstitialis (par)
interstitial nucleus (pair)
27759 8147
nucleus interstitialis rostralis fasciculi longitudinalis medialis (par)
rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus of telencephalon (pair)
27763 8150
nucleus ellipticus (par)
elliptic nucleus (pair)
62035 25568 5893
nucleus subthalamicus (par)
subthalamic nucleus (pair)
8651 8651
substantia alba tegmenti prerubralis
white matter of prerubral tegmentum of diencephalon ; white substance of prerubral tegmentum of diencephalon
26890 8652
tractus longi tegmenti prerubralis
long tracts of prerubral tegmentum of diencephalon
26892 8653
tractus efferentes prerubrales
prerubral efferent tracts
8490 8490
tractus tegmentalis medialis
medial tegmental tract
8492 8492
tractus prerubroolivaris
prerubroolivary tract
8495 8495
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis descendens
descending medial longitudinal fasciculus
8494 8494
tractus interstitiospinalis
interstitiospinal tract
79876 5265 5265
truncus encephali
brain stem
61993 5261 5261
mesencephalon P3 352 children
mesencephalon ; midbrain
30107 8559
external morphology of mesencephalon
77488 25703 5582
lamina quadrigeminalis (par) ; lamina tecti mesencephali (par)
quadrigeminal plate (pair); tectal plate (pair)
62403 40085 5586
colliculus superior (par)
superior colliculus (pair)
62404 40088 5585
colliculus inferior (par)
inferior colliculus (pair)
84359 40091 5579
trigonum lemnisci lateralis (par)
trigone of lateral lemniscus (pair)
77801 40094 5577
sulcus lateralis mesencephali (par)
lateral sulcus of mesencephalon (pair)
62394 25273 5575
pedunculus cerebri (par) ; crus cerebrale (par)
cerebral peduncle (pair) ; cerebral limb (pair)
83792 40097 5574
sulcus nervi oculomotorii (par)
oculomotor sulcus (pair)
83740 5572 5572
fossa interpeduncularis
interpeduncular fossa
77523 5573 5573
substantia perforata posterior
posterior perforated substance
30137 8558
morphologia interna mesencephali
internal morphology of mesencephalon
83902 5669 5669
tectum mesencephali
tectum of mesencephalon
9048 9048
grey substance of tectum of mesencephalon ▲
27196 8067
laminae colliculi superioris (par)
layers of superior colliculus (pair)
72406 27199 5674
stratum zonale (par) ; lamina I colliculi superioris (par)
zonal layer (pair) ; layer I of superior colliculus (pair)
72407 27202 5675
stratum griseum superficiale (par) ; lamina II colliculi superioris (par)
superficial grey layer (pair) ; layer II of superior colliculus (pair)
71112 27208 5676
stratum opticum (par) ; lamina III colliculi superioris (par)
optic layer (pair) ; layer III of superior colliculus (pair)
72409 27214 5677
stratum griseum intermedium (par) ; lamina IV colliculi superioris (par)
intermediate grey layer (pair) ; layer IV of superior colliculus (pair)
71113 32314 5678
stratum medullare intermedium (par) ; lamina V colliculi superioris (par)
intermediate medullary layer (pair) ; layer V of superior colliculus (pair)
72410 32317 5679
stratum griseum profundum (par) ; lamina VI colliculi superioris (par)
deep grey layer (pair) ; layer VI of superior colliculus (pair)
72416 32320 5680
stratum medullare profundum (par) ; lamina VII colliculi superioris (par)
deep medullary layer (pair) ; layer VII of superior colliculus (pair)
272347 40116 5670
nuclei colliculi inferioris (par)
nuclei of inferior colliculus (pair)
72413 40119 5671
nucleus centralis (par)
central nucleus (pair)
72412 40122 5672
nucleus externus (par) ; cortex externus colliculi inferioris (par)
external nucleus (pair) ; external cortex of inferior colliculus (pair)
72411 40125 5673
nucleus pericentralis (par) ; cortex dorsalis colliculi inferioris (par)
pericentral nucleus (pair) ; dorsal cortex of inferior colliculus (pair)
27148 8054
stratum I corticis dorsalis (par)
layer I of dorsal cortex (pair)
27151 8057
stratum II corticis dorsalis (par)
layer II of dorsal cortex (pair)
27154 8060
stratum III corticis dorsalis (par)
layer III of dorsal cortex (pair)
27160 8063
stratum IV corticis dorsalis (par)
layer IV of dorsal cortex (pair)
9046 9046
white matter of tectum of mesencephalon ; white substance of tectum of mesencephalon
27218 8092
tractus commissurales tecti mesencephali (par)
commissural tracts of tectum of mesencephalon (pair)
71115 5681 5681
commissura colliculi inferioris
commissure of inferior colliculus
72418 5682 5682
commissura colliculi superioris
commissure of superior colliculus
27222 8096
tractus longi tecti mesencephali (par)
long tracts of tectum of mesencephalon (pair)
27261 8100
tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis (par)
ascending tracts of spinal cord (pair)
77766 12531 12531
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
5328 5328
fibrae spinotectales
spinotectal fibres
27535 8104
tractus ascendentes trunci encephali (par)
ascending tracts of brain stem (pair)
72417 5584 5584
brachium colliculi superioris
brachium of superior colliculus
71114 5583 5583
brachium colliculi inferioris
brachium of inferior colliculus
72502 5468 5468
lemniscus lateralis
lateral lemniscus
27539 8108
tractus descendentes tecti mesencephali (par)
descending tracts of tectum of mesencephalon (pair)
8479 8479
tractus tectobulbaris
tectobulbar tract
7503 7503
decussatio tegmentalis dorsalis ; decussatio tegmentalis posterior
dorsal tegmental decussation ; posterior tegmental decussation
8480 8480
tractus tectospinalis
tectospinal tract
7479 7479
central structures of mesencephalon
7478 7478
substantia grisea structurarum centralium mesencephali
grey matter of central structures of mesencephalon; grey substance of central structures of mesencephalon ▲
83134 5645 5645
substantia grisea periaqueductalis ; substantia grisea centralis
periaqueductal grey matter ; central grey matter
27115 6302
cellulae dopaminergicae periaqueductales (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A11 (par)
dopaminergic cells of periaqueductal grey matter (pair); dopaminergic cells A11 (pair)
7480 7480
substantia alba structurarum centralium mesencephali
white matter of central structures of mesencephalon; white substance of central structures of mesencephalon
27128 8043
tractus longi structurarum centralium mesencephali (par)
long tracts of central structures of mesencephalon (pair)
27133 8047
tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis (par)
ascending tracts of spinal cord (pair)
77766 12531 12531
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
5329 5329
fibrae spinoperiaqueductales
spinoperiaqueductal fibres
27141 8051
tractus descendentes structurarum centralium mesencephali (par)
descending tracts of central structures of mesencephalon (pair)
8751 8751
fasciculus longitudinalis posterior descendens ; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis descendens
descending posterior longitudinal fasciculus ; descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
62393 5578 5578
tegmentum mesencephali
tegmentum of mesencephalon
83913 5625 5625
grey matter of tegmentum of mesencephalon
25787 8564
nuclei somatosensorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
somatosensory nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
54568 40100 5494
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis (par)
mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve (pair)
40103 8565
nucleus intercollicularis (par)
intercollicular nucleus (pair)
25791 8566
nuclei visuales tegmenti mesencephali (par)
visual nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
25794 8567
nucleus terminalis lateralis (par)
lateral terminal nucleus (pair)
25782 9055
nuclei acustici tegmenti mesencephali (par) ; nuclei auditorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
acoustic nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair) ; auditory nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
25778 9056
nucleus brachii colliculi inferioris (par)
nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus (pair)
77492 25772 5652
nucleus saguli (par)
sagulum nucleus (pair)
77494 25775 5653
nucleus subbrachialis (par)
subbrachial nucleus (pair)
25801 8561
nuclei somatomotorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
somatomotor nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
54510 25804 5626
nucleus oculomotorius (par)
oculomotor nucleus (pair) ; nucleus of oculomotor nerve (pair)
25807 8562
nucleus caudalis centralis (par)
central caudal nucleus (pair)
25810 8563
nucleus interoculomotorius (par)
interoculomotor nucleus (pair)
25814 8568
nuclei visceromotorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
visceromotor nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
40108 5627
nuclei accessorii nervi oculomotorii (par)
accessory nuclei of oculomotor nerve (pair)
25820 8569
pars preganglionaris (par)
preganglionary part (pair)
25823 8570
pars nonganglionaris (par)
nonganglionary part (pair)
54524 25826 5629
nucleus anteromedialis (par)
anterior medial nucleus (pair)
5684 5684
nuclei reticulares tegmenti mesencephali
reticular nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon
62402 25835 5651
formatio reticularis mesencephali (par)
mesencephalic reticular formation (pair)
25838 8572
nucleus intracuneiformis (par)
intracuneiform nucleus (pair)
72427 25829 5658
nucleus cuneiformis (par)
cuneiform nucleus (pair)
25832 8571
regio locomotoria mesencephalica (par)
mesencephalic locomotor region (pair)
25842 15263
nuclei neuromodulatorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
neuromodulator nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
40110 5663
nuclei raphes mesencephali (par) ; cellulae serotonergicae (par)
raphe nuclei of mesencephalon (pair); serotonergic cells (pair)
77502 25845 5664
nucleus raphes linearis (par); cellula serotonergica B8 (par)
linear raphe nucleus (pair); serotonergic cells B8 (pair)
68462 5545 5545
nucleus raphes dorsalis; cellulae serotonergicae B7
dorsal raphe nucleus; serotonergic cells B7
25849 7445
nuclei dopaminergici (par)
dopaminergic nuclei (pair)
25861 14773
cellulae dopaminergicae areae tegmentalis ventralis (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A10 (par)
dopaminergic cells of ventral tegmental area (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A10 (pair)
25857 14753
cellulae dopaminergicae partis compactae substantiae nigrae (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A9 (par)
dopaminergic cells of compact part of substantia nigra (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A9 (pair)
25853 14752
cellulae dopaminergicae retrorubrales (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A8 (par)
retrorubral dopaminergic cells (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A8 (pair)
67947 27282 5597
substantia nigra (par)
substantia nigra (pair)
62907 27615 5598
pars compacta substantiae nigrae (par)
compact part of substantia nigra (pair)
25899 8578
pars dorsalis substantiae nigrae (par) ; pars posterior substantiae nigrae (par)
dorsal part of substantia nigra (pair) ; posterior part of substantia nigra (pair) ; dorsal tier of substantia nigra (pair)
25914 8579
subnucleus dorsolateralis (par) ; subnucleus posterolateralis (par)
dorsolateral subnucleus (pair) ; posterolateral subnucleus (pair)
25917 8580
subnucleus dorsomedialis (par) ; subnucleus posteromedialis (par)
dorsomedial subnucleus (pair) ; posteromedial subnucleus (pair)
25903 8581
pars ventralis substantiae nigrae (par) ; pars anterior substantiae nigrae (par)
ventral part of substantia nigra (pair) ; anterior part of substantia nigra (pair) ; ventral tier of substantia nigra (pair)
25920 8582
subnucleus ventrolateralis (par) ; subnucleus anterolateralis (par)
ventrolateral subnucleus (pair) ; anterolateral subnucleus (pair)
25923 8583
subnucleus ventrointermedius (par) ; subnucleus anterointermedius (par)
ventrointermediate subnucleus (pair) ; anterointermediate subnucleus (pair)
25926 8584
subnucleus ventromedialis (par) ; subnucleus anteromedialis (par)
ventromedial subnucleus (pair) ; anteromedial subnucleus (pair)
76844 27636 5599
pars lateralis substantiae nigrae (par)
lateral part of substantia nigra (pair)
25911 8585
pars medialis substantiae nigrae (par)
medial part of substantia nigra (pair)
62908 27640 5600
pars reticulata substantiae nigrae (par)
reticular part of substantia nigra (pair)
30458 12250
area tegmentalis ventralis (par) ; area tegmentalis anterior (par)
ventral tegmental area (pair) ; anterior tegmental area (pair)
25869 5654
nuclei tegmentales ventrales mesencephali (par) ; nuclei tegmentales anteriores mesencephali (par)
ventral tegmental nuclei of mesencephalon (pair) ; anterior tegmental nuclei of mesencephalon (pair)
25875 8586
nucleus linearis rostralis (par) ; nucleus linearis superior (par)
rostral linear nucleus (pair) ; superior linear nucleus (pair)
25872 8587
nucleus linearis caudalis (par) ; nucleus linearis inferior (par)
caudal linear nucleus (pair) ; inferior linear nucleus (pair)
77495 25878 5655
nucleus interfascicularis (par)
interfascicular nucleus (pair)
77497 25881 5657
nucleus paranigralis (par)
parablack nucleus (pair)
77496 25884 5656
nucleus parabrachialis pigmentosus (par)
pigmented parabrachial nucleus (pair)
84341 29191 5685
nucleus parapeduncularis (par)
parapeduncular nucleus (pair)
25937 8589
nuclei limbici tegmenti mesencephali (par)
limbic nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
72437 25943 5646
nucleus peripeduncularis (par)
peripeduncular nucleus (pair)
25947 8590
nuclei precerebellares tegmenti mesencephali (par)
precerebellar nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
62407 25950 5647
nucleus ruber (par)
red nucleus (pair)
72431 25956 5648
pars magnocellularis (par)
magnocellular part (pair)
72430 25953 5649
pars parvocellularis (par)
parvocellular part (pair)
77493 25959 5650
pars posteromedialis (par) ; pars dorsomedialis (par)
posteromedial part (pair) ; dorsomedial part (pair)
83937 5602 5602
white matter of tegmentum of mesencephalon ; white substance of tegmentum of mesencephalon
25980 7464
radices centrales tegmenti mesencephali (par)
central roots of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
72489 5464 5464
tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis
mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
25984 9066
tractus longi tegmenti mesencephali (par)
long tracts of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
25988 9067
tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis (par)
ascending tracts of spinal cord (pair)
77766 12531 12531
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
5327 5327
fibrae spinomesencephalicae
spinomesencephalic fibres
25145 7956
fibrae spinointercolliculares
spinointercollicular fibres
26019 8594
tractus ascendentes trunci encephali (par)
ascending tracts of brain stem (pair)
25254 8485
fibrae nigrostriatales
nigrostriatal fibres
72502 5468 5468
lemniscus lateralis
lateral lemniscus
26022 7460
tractus vestibulomesencephalici
vestibulomesencephalic tracts
8427 8427
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus medialis
medial vestibulomesencephalic tract
8428 8428
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis
lateral vestibulomesencephalic tract
8429 8429
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis
ventral vestibulomesencephalic tract
8430 8430
tractus vestibulothalamicus
vestibulothalamic tract
83852 34075 8426
tractus trigeminothalamici
trigeminothalamic tracts
12170 12170
tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis
lateral trigeminothalamic tract
72500 5463 5463
tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus dorsalis
posterior trigeminothalamic tract ; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
5462 5462
tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus ventralis ; lemniscus trigeminalis
anterior trigeminothalamic tract ; ventral trigeminothalamic tract ; trigeminal lemniscus
26034 8603
tractus efferentes cerebelli (par)
efferent tracts of cerebellum (pair)
72495 5760 5760
pedunculus cerebellaris superior
superior cerebellar peduncle
31874 12256
tractus afferentes telencephali (par)
afferent tracts of telencephalon (pair)
25146 8118
fibrae striatonigrales
striatonigral fibres
27660 8122
fibrae pallidofugientes
pallidofugal fibres
26041 8605
tractus descendentes (par)
descending tracts (pair)
25797 8126
fibrae amygdalotegmentales
amygdalotegmental fibres
77482 8415 8415
tractus hypothalamospinalis
hypothalamospinal tract
8481 8481
tractus rubrospinalis
rubrospinal tract
72452 5623 5623
decussatio tegmentalis ventralis ; decussatio tegmentalis anterior
decussation of rubrospinal tract; anterior tegmental decussation ; ventral tegmental decussation
7930 7930
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
medial longitudinal fasciculus
8494 8494
tractus interstitiospinalis
interstitiospinal tract
8490 8490
tractus tegmentalis medialis
medial tegmental tract
8491 8491
tractus pretectoolivaris
pretectoolivary tract
8492 8492
tractus prerubroolivaris
prerubroolivary tract
83850 5476 5476
tractus tegmentalis centralis
central tegmental tract
77050 34021 5322
tractus rubroolivares
rubroolivary tracts
26086 8035
white matter of cerebral peduncle (pair) ; white substance of cerebral peduncle (pair)
72634 8526 8526
tractus pyramidalis
pyramidal tract
5624 5624
fibrae corticomesencephalicae
corticomesencephalic fibres
9196 9196
tractus corticorubralis
corticorubral tract
32020 12543
tractus corticopontini
corticopontine tracts
75223 6243 6243
tractus frontopontinus
frontopontine tract
8533 8533
tractus occipitoparietotemporopontinus
occipitoparietotemporopontine tract
67944 5686 5686
cerebellum P3 332 children
cerebellum
31957 8266
morphologia externa cerebelli
external morphology of cerebellum
76928 5691 5691
vermis
vermis
76925 40128 5689
hemispherium cerebelli (par)
cerebellar hemisphere (pair)
75267 5690 5690
vallecula cerebelli
vallecula of cerebellum
8267 8267
fissura cerebellomesencephalica
cerebellomesencephalic fissure
8269 8269
fissura cerebellopontina
cerebellopontine fissure
8270 8270
fissura cerebellomedullaris
cerebellomedullary fissure
5687 5687
fissurae interlobares cerebelli
interlobar fissures of cerebellum
83729 5716 5716
fissura prima; fissura preclivalis
primary fissure ; preclival fissure
83730 5739 5739
fissura posterolateralis
posterolateral fissure
76926 5698 5698
corpus cerebelli
body of cerebellum
72251 5699 5699
anterior lobe of cerebellum
72255 8272 8272
pars anterior vermis
anterior part of vermis of cerebellum
83884 40131 5700
lingula (par) ; lobulus I (par)
lingula (pair) ; lobule I (pair)
72519 40134 5702
lobulus centralis (par)
central lobule (pair)
278635 29788 5703
lobulus II (par)
lobule II (pair)
278639 29791 5704
lobulus III (par)
lobule III (pair)
83886 40137 5709
culmen (par)
culmen (pair)
76955 29794 5710
lobulus IV (par)
lobule IV (pair)
76954 29797 5712
lobulus V (par)
lobule V (pair)
40141 8281
fissurae lobi anterioris cerebelli (par)
fissures of anterior lobe of cerebellum (pair)
83731 29806 5701
fissura precentralis (par) ; fissura postlingualis (par)
precentral fissure (pair) ; postlingual fissure (pair)
83736 29809 5708
fissura postcentralis (par) ; fissura preculminalis (par)
postcentral fissure (pair) ; preculminate fissure (pair)
83737 29812 5711
fissura intraculminalis (par)
intraculminate fissure (pair)
72254 40145 8339
pars anterior hemispherii cerebelli (par)
anterior part of cerebellar hemisphere (pair)
40148 8993
vincingulum lingulae (par) ; lobulus HI (par)
vincingulum of lingula of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule HI (pair)
72517 40151 5705
ala lobuli centralis (par)
wing of central lobule of cerebellum (pair)
278665 40154 5706
lobulus HII (par)
lobule HII (pair)
278672 40157 5707
lobulus HIII (par)
lobule HIII (pair)
72516 40160 5713
lobulus quadrangularis anterior (par)
anterior quadrangular lobule (pair)
278683 40163 5714
lobulus HIV (par)
lobule HIV (pair)
278723 40166 5715
lobulus HV (par)
lobule HV (pair)
72252 5717 5717
posterior lobe of cerebellum
72259 9194 9194
pars posterior vermis
posterior part of vermis of cerebellum
83887 40169 5719
declive (par) ; lobulus VI (par)
declive (pair) ; lobule VI (pair)
83889 40172 5722
folium vermis (par) ; lobulus VIIA (par)
folium of vermis of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule VIIA (pair)
83890 40175 5728
tuber (par) ; lobulus VIIB (par)
tuber (pair) ; lobule VIIB (pair)
83888 40178 5731
pyramis (par) ; lobulus VIII (par)
pyramis (pair) ; lobule VIII (pair)
29800 8273
lobulus HVIIIA (par)
lobule HVIIIA (pair)
29803 8274
lobulus HVIIIB (par)
lobule HVIIIB (pair)
83883 40181 5737
uvula (par) ; lobulus IX (par)
uvula (pair) ; lobule IX (pair)
40184 9038
fissurae lobi posterioris cerebelli (par)
fissures of posterior lobe of cerebellum (pair)
83733 29815 5721
fissura posterior superior (par) ; fissura postclivalis (par)
superior posterior fissure (pair) ; postclival fissure (pair)
75135 29818 5725
fissura horizontalis (par) ; fissura intercruralis (par)
horizontal fissure (pair) ; intercrural fissure (pair)
75137 40187 5727
fissura lunogracilis (par) ; fissura ansoparamediana (par)
lunogracile fissure (pair) ; ansoparamedian fissure (pair)
75138 29821 5730
fissura prebiventralis (par) ; fissura prepyramidalis (par)
prebiventral fissure (pair) ; prepyramidal fissure (pair)
75139 29824 5734
fissura intrabiventralis (par)
intrabiventral fissure (pair)
84043 29827 5736
fissura secundaria (par) ; fissura postpyramidalis (par)
secondary fissure (pair) ; postpyramidal fissure (pair)
72256 40190 9195
pars posterior hemispherii cerebelli (par)
posterior part of cerebellar hemisphere (pair)
256399 40193 5720
lobulus quadrangularis posterior (par) ; lobulus simplex (par) ; lobulus HVI (par)
posterior quadrangular lobule (pair) ; simple lobule (pair) ; lobule HVI (pair)
40197 5723
lobuli semilunares (par) ; lobuli ansiformes cerebelli (par) ; lobuli HVIIA (par)
semilunar lobules (pair) ; ansiform lobules (pair) ; lobules HVIIA (pair)
72524 40200 5724
lobulus semilunaris superior (par) ; crus I (par) ; lobulus HVIIAa (par)
superior semilunar lobule (pair) ; crus I (pair); lobule HVIIAa (pair)
72525 40203 5726
lobulus semilunaris inferior (par) ; crus II (par) ; lobulus HVIIAb (par)
inferior semilunar lobule (pair) ; crus II (pair); lobule HVIIAb (pair)
72523 40206 5729
lobulus gracilis (par) ; lobulus HVIIB (par)
gracile lobule (pair) ; lobule HVIIB (pair)
72526 40209 5732
lobulus biventer (par) ; lobulus HVIII (par)
biventral lobule (pair) ; lobule HVIII (pair)
77202 40212 5733
pars lateralis lobuli biventris (par) ; lobulus HVIIIA (par)
lateral part of biventral lobule of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule HVIIIA (pair)
77203 40215 5735
pars medialis lobuli biventris (par) ; lobulus HVIIIB (par)
medial part of biventral lobule of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule HVIIIB (pair)
83464 40218 5738
tonsilla cerebelli (par) ; lobulus HIX (par)
tonsil of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule HIX (pair)
40221 9202
paraflocculus accessorius (par)
accessory paraflocculus (pair)
72253 5740 5740
flocculonodular lobe
83882 5741 5741
nodulus ; lobulus X
nodule ; lobule X
83881 40224 5743
flocculus (par) ; lobulus HX (par)
flocculus (pair) ; lobule HX (pair)
31962 8227
morphologia interna cerebelli
internal morphology of cerebellum
30132 5688
folia cerebelli
folia of cerebellum
83924 9037 9037
grey substance of cerebellum ; grey matter of cerebellum ▲
72248 5745 5745
cortex cerebelli
cerebellar cortex
83141 29280 9040
strata corticis cerebelli
layers of cerebellar cortex
83140 5746 5746
stratum granulare
granular layer
8239 8239
glomerulus cerebelli
glomerulus of cerebellum
83896 5747 5747
stratum purkinjense
Purkinje cell layer
83897 5748 5748
stratum moleculare
molecular layer
40227 8229
neura corticis cerebelli
neurons of cerebellar cortex
40228 8230
neura projectionis corticis cerebelli
projection neurons of cerebellar cortex
40229 8233
neura purkinjensia
Purkinje neurons; Purkinje cells
40230 8234
interneura corticis cerebelli
cerebellar interneurons
40231 8236
interneura excitatoria corticis cerebelli
excitatory interneurons of cerebellar cortex
29238 8237
neura granularia
granule neurons; granule cells
8237 8237
# neuron granulare
# granule neuron; granule cell
29246 8240
dendrita neuri granularis
dendrites of granule neuron of cerebellar cortex
8239 8239
glomerulus cerebelli
glomerulus of cerebellum
29250 8242
fibrae parallelae
parallel fibres ▲
40232 8243
neura penicillata
unipolar brush neurons; unipolar brush cells
40233 8245
interneura inhibitoria corticis cerebelli
inhibitory interneurons of cerebellar cortex
29258 8246
neura fusiformia horizontalia
horizontal fusiform neurons ; horizontal fusiform cells
29262 8248
neura golgiensia magna
large Golgi neurons; large Golgi cells
8248 8248
# neuron golgiense magnum
# large Golgi neuron; large Golgi cell
8251 8251
axon neuri golgiensis magni
axon of large Golgi neuron
29266 8249
neura golgiensia parva
small Golgi neurons; small Golgi cells
84461 29274 8252
neura corbiformia
basket neurons; basket cells
29278 8254
neura stellata superficialia
superficial stellate neurons ; superficial stellate cells
29282 8255
neura stellata profunda
deep stellate neurons ; deep stellate cells
29447 9724
astrocyti cerebelli
astrocytes of cerebellum
39411 9726
astrocyti radiales
radial astrocytes
54559 29913 9735
astrocyti epitheliales cerebelli
epithelial astrocytes of cerebellum
9735 9735
# astrocytus epithelialis cerebelli
# epithelial astrocyte of cerebellum
29941 9926
processus radiales
radial processes
29943 9928
astrocyti pennati
feathered astrocytes
25474 8344
divisiones cerebelli
subdivisions of cerebellum
72253 5692 5692
vestibulocerebellum
vestibulocerebellum
72251 5693 5693
spinocerebellum
spinocerebellum
72252 5694 5694
pontocerebellum
pontocerebellum
26484 9279
zonae sagittales cerebelli (par)
sagittal zones of cerebellum (pair)
26575 9281
zonae sagittales mediales (par)
medial sagittal zones (pair)
32454 9282
zona A (par)
zone A (pair)
32458 9283
zona X (par)
zone X (pair)
32459 9284
zona B (par)
zone B (pair)
26888 9343
zonae sagittales intermediae (par)
intermediate sagittal zones (pair)
32464 9286
zona C1 (par)
zone C1 (pair)
32467 9287
zona C2 (par)
zone C2 (pair)
32468 8340
zona C3 (par)
zone C3 (pair)
32473 9338
zonae sagittales laterales (par)
lateral sagittal zones (pair)
32477 9339
zona Y (par)
zone Y (pair)
32480 9340
zona D1 (par)
zone D1 (pair)
32483 9341
zona D2 (par)
zone D2 (pair)
321695 40238 5749
nuclei cerebelli (par)
cerebellar nuclei (pair)
72260 40241 5750
nucleus dentatus (par) ; nucleus lateralis cerebelli (par)
dentate nucleus (pair) ; lateral cerebellar nucleus (pair)
72548 40244 5751
hilum nuclei dentati (par)
hilum of dentate nucleus of cerebellum (pair)
40247 8258
pars microgyria (par)
microgyric part (pair)
40250 8260
pars macrogyria (par)
macrogyric part (pair)
40254 8261
nuclei interpositi (par)
interposed nuclei (pair)
72538 40257 5752
nucleus emboliformis (par) ; nucleus interpositus anterior (par)
emboliform nucleus (pair) ; anterior interposed nucleus (pair)
72536 40260 5753
nucleus globosus (par) ; nucleus interpositus posterior (par)
globose nucleus (pair) ; posterior interposed nucleus (pair)
72537 40263 5754
nucleus fastigii (par)
fastigial nucleus (pair) ; medial cerebellar nucleus (pair)
29287 8341
neura nuclei cerebelli (par)
neurons of cerebellar nucleus (pair)
29291 8343
neura projectionis nuclei cerebelli (par)
projection neurons of cerebellar nucleus (pair)
29295 8345
neura magna (par)
large projection neurons (pair)
29299 8349
neura projectionis parva (par); neura nucleoolivaria (par)
small projection neurons (pair); nucleoolivary neurons (pair)
29303 8351
interneura inhibitoria nuclei cerebelli (par)
inhibitory interneurons of cerebellar nucleus (pair)
29307 8263
interneura inhibitoria glycinergica (par)
glycinergic inhibitory interneurons (pair)
29311 8264
interneura inhibitoria GABAergica (par)
GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (pair)
83943 9191 9191
white substance of cerebellum
72541 5744 5744
arbor vitae
arbor vitae
256377 5761 5761
corpus medullare cerebelli
medullary body of cerebellum
7688 7688
lamella medullaris cerebelli
medullary lamella of cerebellum
26426 7691
fibrae afferentes corticis cerebelli
cerebellar cortical afferent fibres ▲
26374 7705
fibrae nervosae muscosae
mossy fibres ▲
7705 7705
# fibra nervosa muscosa
# mossy fibre
25496 8350
flosculi fibrae nervosae muscosae
rosettes of mossy fibre of cerebellar cortex
26431 7711
fibrae ascendentes
climbing fibres ▲
26432 7713
fibrae multistratificatae ; neurofibrae monoaminergicae
multilayered fibres; monoaminergic fibres ▲
26433 7716
fibrae efferentes corticis cerebelli
cerebellar cortical efferent fibres ▲
7716 7716
# neurofibra efferens corticis cerebelli
# cerebellar cortical efferent fibre
11561 11561
axon neuri purkinjensis
axon of Purkinje cell
34031 8474
tractus commissurales originis cerebelli
commissural tracts of origin in cerebellum
77522 5762 5762
commissura cerebelli
cerebellar commissure
29211 8545
tractus longi cerebelli (par)
long tracts of cerebellum (pair)
272298 31467 5755
pedunculi cerebellares (par)
cerebellar peduncles (pair)
72495 40270 5760
pedunculus cerebellaris superior (par)
superior cerebellar peduncle (pair)
40273 8223
brachium conjunctivum (par)
brachium conjunctivum (pair)
40276 8473
ramus ascendens brachii conjunctivi (par)
ascending branch of brachium conjunctivum (pair)
8439 8439
tractus cerebellorubralis
cerebellorubral tract
8465 8465
tractus cerebellothalamicus
cerebellothalamic tract
40279 8464
ramus descendens brachii conjunctivi (par)
descending branch of brachium conjunctivum (pair)
72490 5763 5763
fasciculus uncinatus cerebelli
uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum
27138 8468
fibrae fastigiobulbares
fastigiobulbar fibres
75690 8469 8469
tractus fastigiospinalis
fastigiospinal tract
75691 5221 5221
tractus interpositospinalis
interpositospinal tract
72515 40282 5759
pedunculus cerebellaris medius (par)
middle cerebellar peduncle (pair)
34066 11532
fibrae pontocerebellares
pontocerebellar fibres
72615 40285 5756
pedunculus cerebellaris inferior (par)
inferior cerebellar peduncle (pair)
40288 5757
corpus restiforme (par)
restiform body (pair)
27130 8467
fibrae cerebelloolivares ; fibrae nucleoolivares
cerebelloolivary fibres ; nucleoolivary fibres
73950 5319 5319
tractus spinocerebellaris posterior ; tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis
posterior spinocerebellar tract ; dorsal spinocerebellar tract
5320 5320
fibrae cuneocerebellares
cuneocerebellar fibres
34122 8456
fibrae trigeminocerebellares
trigeminocerebellar fibres
72638 5305 5305
tractus olivocerebellaris
olivocerebellar tract
34123 8457
fibrae nucleocerebellares
nucleocerebellar fibres
34124 8458
fibrae raphecerebellares
raphecerebellar fibres
72613 40291 5758
corpus juxtarestiforme (par)
juxtarestiform body (pair)
25660 8459
fibrae vestibulocerebellares
vestibulocerebellar fibres
27116 8466
fibrae cerebellovestibulares
cerebellovestibular fibres
72543 29830 5742
pedunculus flocculi (par)
peduncle of flocculus of flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum (pair)
67687 5258 5258
rhombencephalon
rhombencephalon
11865 11865
rhombencephalon rostrale P3 348 children
rostral rhombencephalon ; rostral hindbrain
27136 8407
external morphology of rostral rhombencephalon
11866 11866
isthmus rhombencephali
isthmus of rhombencephalon
72244 5431 5431
pons ; pars basilaris rhombencephali rostralis
pons ; basilar part of rostral rhombencephalon
84358 25030 5427
angulus pontocerebellaris (par)
pontocerebellar angle (pair)
83794 5425 5425
sulcus basilaris
basilar sulcus
83793 34208 5424
sulcus bulbopontinus (par)
medullopontine sulcus (pair)
34192 9006
morphologia interna rhombencephali rostralis
internal morphology of rostral rhombencephalon
11867 11867
substantia grisea rhombencephali rostralis
grey matter of rostral rhombencephalon
34212 8392
somatosensory nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
54568 5494 5494
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis
mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
54533 34215 5491
nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigeminalis (par)
principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve (pair)
83464 34218 5492
nucleus posteromedialis (par) ; nucleus dorsomedialis (par)
posteromedial nucleus (pair) ; dorsomedial nucleus (pair)
83957 34221 5493
nucleus anterolateralis (par) ; nucleus ventrolateralis (par)
anterolateral nucleus (pair) ; ventrolateral nucleus (pair)
54565 34224 5489
nucleus spinalis nervi trigeminalis (par)
spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (pair)
235322 27167 5490
subnucleus oralis (par)
oral subnucleus (pair)
235324 34227 5350
subnucleus interpolaris (par)
interpolar subnucleus (pair)
72606 5346 5346
subnucleus caudalis
caudal subnucleus
34230 8354
viscerosensory nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
34233 8355
nucleus ovalis (par) ; rostrum nuclei solitarii (par)
oval nucleus (pair) ; rostral tip of solitary nucleus (pair)
34237 8383
vestibular nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
54617 34240 5514
nucleus vestibularis superior (par)
superior vestibular nucleus (pair)
34243 8384
pars magnocellularis (par)
magnocellular part (pair)
34246 8385
pars parvocellularis (par)
parvocellular part (pair)
54611 5379 5379
nucleus vestibularis medialis
medial vestibular nucleus
54614 34249 5512
nucleus vestibularis lateralis (par)
lateral vestibular nucleus (pair)
83963 34252 5513
pars parvocellularis (par)
parvocellular part (pair) ; cell group L (pair)
34255 8357
nucleus interstitialis nervi vestibularis (par)
interstitial nucleus of vestibular nerve (pair)
34259 8358
auditory nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair); auditory nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
323296 34263 5516
nuclei lemnisci lateralis (par)
nuclei of lateral lemniscus (pair)
72483 34266 5517
nucleus dorsalis lemnisci lateralis (par) ; nucleus posterior lemnisci lateralis (par)
dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair) ; posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair)
72484 34269 5519
nucleus ventralis lemnisci lateralis (par) ; nucleus anterior lemnisci lateralis (par)
ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair) ; anterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair)
72247 34272 5500
complexus olivaris superior (par)
superior olivary complex (pair)
72472 34275 5501
nucleus olivaris superior lateralis (par)
lateral superior olivary nucleus (pair)
72473 34278 5502
nucleus olivaris superior medialis (par)
medial superior olivary nucleus (pair)
34282 5503
nuclei periolivares (par)
periolivary nuclei (pair)
72475 34286 5504
nuclei periolivares mediales (par)
medial periolivary nuclei (pair)
226217 34290 5505
nuclei periolivares laterales (par)
lateral periolivary nuclei (pair)
72477 34293 5507
nucleus corporis trapezoidei (par)
nucleus of trapezoid body (pair)
34297 8394
somatomotor nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
54518 34300 5643
nucleus trochlearis (par) ; nucleus nervi trochlearis (par)
trochlear nucleus (pair) ; nucleus of trochlear nerve (pair)
54504 34303 5496
nucleus nervi abducentis (par)
nucleus of abducens nerve (pair)
34307 8386
branchiomotor nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
54562 34310 5495
nucleus motorius nervi trigeminalis (par)
motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve (pair)
77089 34313 8387
nucleus retrotrigeminalis (par) ; nucleus trigeminalis accessorius (par)
retrotrigeminal nucleus (pair) ; accessory trigeminal nucleus (pair)
54582 34316 5497
nucleus nervi facialis (par)
facial nucleus (pair)
77090 34319 8361
nucleus retrofacialis (par) ; nucleus facialis accessorius (par)
retrofacial nucleus (pair) ; accessory facial nucleus (pair)
34323 8362
visceromotor nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
72482 34326 5498
nucleus salivatorius superior (par)
superior salivatory nucleus (pair)
34330 8388
reticular nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
72468 34333 5538
nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (par); nucleus reticularis rostralis (par)
oral pontine reticular nucleus (pair); rostral pontine reticular nucleus (pair)
77486 34336 5539
nucleus paralemniscalis (par)
paralemniscal nucleus (pair)
72469 34339 5537
nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (par)
caudal pontine reticular nucleus (pair)
72583 34342 5540
formatio reticularis pontis paramediana (par)
paramedian pontine reticular formation (pair)
34345 8363
nucleus raphes interpositus (par)
interposed raphe nucleus (pair)
34348 8396
neuromodulator nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon
34349 8397
nuclei raphes rhombencephali rostralis
raphe nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon
72465 5544 5544
nucleus raphes medianus; cellulae serotonergicae B6
median raphe nucleus; serotonergic cells B6
68875 5543 5543
nucleus raphes pontinus; cellula serotonergica B5
pontine raphe nucleus; serotonergic cells B5
34350 8364
cellulae serotonergicae areae vestibularis ; cellulae serotonergicae B4
serotonergic cells of vestibular area ; serotonergic cells B4
72584 5423 5423
nucleus raphes magnus
raphe magnus nucleus
34352 8398
nuclei noradrenergici rhombencephali rostralis (par)
noradrenergic nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
72478 34355 5521
nucleus caeruleus (par) ; nucleus noradrenergicus A6 (par)
caerulean nucleus (pair) ; noradrenergic nucleus A6 (pair) ; locus caeruleus (pair); coerulean nucleus (pair) ▲
72479 34358 5522
nucleus subcaeruleus (par)
subcaerulean nucleus (pair) ; subcoerulean nucleus (pair)
34362 8399
cellulae noradrenergicae pedunculi cerebellaris superioris (par) ; cellulae noradrenergicae A4 (par)
noradrenergic cells of superior cerebellar peduncle (pair) ; noradrenergic cells A4 (pair)
34366 6290
cellulae noradrenergicae nuclei lemnisci lateralis (par) ; cellulae noradrenergicae A7 (par)
noradrenergic cells of nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair) ; noradrenergic cells A7 (pair)
34371 6292
cellulae noradrenergicae rhombencephali rostralis laterales (par); cellulae noradrenergicae A5 (par)
lateral noradrenergic cells of rostral rhombencephalon (pair) ; noradrenergic cells A5 (pair)
34375 8400
nuclei cholinergici rhombencephali rostralis (par)
cholinergic nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
29188 5644
nucleus parabigeminalis (par) ; nucleus cholinergicus Ch8 (par)
parabigeminal nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic nucleus Ch8 (pair)
72429 34382 5660
nucleus tegmentalis pedunculopontinus (par) ; nucleus pedunculotegmentalis (par) ; nucleus cholinergicus Ch5 (par)
pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (pair) ; pedunculotegmental nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic nucleus Ch5 (pair)
34385 8402
pars compacta (par)
compact part (pair)
34388 8403
pars dissipata (par)
dissipated part (pair)
34378 8401
nucleus tegmentalis dorsolateralis (par) ; nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis (par) ; nucleus cholinergicus Ch6 (par)
dorsolateral tegmental nucleus (pair) ; posterolateral tegmental nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic nucleus Ch6 (pair)
34392 8404
limbic nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
34396 5524
nuclei parabrachiales (par)
parabrachial nuclei (pair)
72481 34399 5526
nucleus parabrachialis lateralis (par)
lateral parabrachial nucleus (pair)
76798 34402 5527
pars lateralis (par) ; subnucleus lateralis (par)
lateral part (pair) ; lateral subnucleus (pair)
76799 34405 5528
pars medialis (par) ; subnucleus medialis (par)
medial part (pair) ; medial subnucleus (pair)
76800 34408 5529
pars posterior (par) ; pars dorsalis (par) ; subnucleus posterior (par) ; subnucleus dorsalis (par)
posterior part (pair) ; dorsal part (pair) ; posterior subnucleus (pair) ; dorsal subnucleus (pair)
76812 34411 5530
pars anterior (par) ; pars ventralis (par) ; subnucleus anterior (par) ; subnucleus ventralis (par)
anterior part (pair) ; ventral part (pair) ; anterior subnucleus (pair) ; ventral subnucleus (pair)
72480 34414 5531
nucleus parabrachialis medialis (par)
medial parabrachial nucleus (pair)
76817 34417 5532
pars medialis (par) ; subnucleus medialis (par)
medial part (pair) ; medial subnucleus (pair)
76818 34420 5533
pars lateralis (par) ; subnucleus lateralis (par)
lateral part (pair) ; lateral subnucleus (pair)
77220 34423 5525
nucleus subparabrachialis (par)
subparabrachial nucleus (pair)
34426 8405
centrum micturitionis (par) ; regio M (par)
micturition centre (pair); M region (pair) ▲
34429 8406
regio L (par)
L region (pair)
72435 34432 5520
nucleus tegmentalis ventralis (par) ; nucleus tegmentalis anterior (par)
ventral tegmental nucleus (pair) ; anterior tegmental nucleus (pair)
72434 34433 5534
nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (par) ; nucleus tegmentalis posterior (par)
dorsal tegmental nucleus (pair) ; posterior tegmental nucleus (pair)
72439 25940 5637
nucleus interpeduncularis (par)
interpeduncular nucleus (pair)
34439 8390
precerebellar nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
72471 34442 5541
nucleus reticulotegmentalis (par)
reticulotegmental nucleus (pair)
77221 25006 5535
nucleus supralemniscalis (par)
supralemniscal nucleus (pair)
25013 8366
nuclei rostrales tractus paramediani (par)
rostral paramedian tract nuclei (pair)
25020 8367
nucleus supragenualis (par)
supragenual nucleus (pair) ; paramedian tract cell group 3 (pair)
25023 8368
cupula rostralis nuclei nervi abducentis (par)
rostral cap of nucleus of abducens nerve (pair); paramedian tract cell group 4a (pair)
25026 8369
subnucleus dorsalis nuclei raphes pontis (par)
dorsal subnucleus of pontine raphe nucleus (pair) ; paramedian tract cell group 5b + 5c (pair)
77775 25009 5523
nucleus intrafascicularis (par)
intrafascicular nucleus (pair) ; paramedian tract cell group 5a (pair)
25017 8370
cellulae pontinae medianae dorsales (par)
dorsal midline pontine cells (pair); paramedian tract cell groups 6 (pair)
83942 5453 5453
substantia alba rhombencephali rostralis
white matter of rostral rhombencephalon ; white substance
27107 8278
central roots of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
8441 8441
decussatio nervi trochlearis
decussation of trochlear nerve
72489 5464 5464
tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis
mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
72510 5465 5465
genu nervi facialis
genu of facial nerve
83851 5302 5302
tractus spinalis nervi trigeminalis
spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
25739 11769
commissural tracts of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
8440 8440
commissura nuclei dorsalis lemnisci lateralis
commissure of dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
25706 8286
intrinsic tracts of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
72485 5467 5467
tractus olivocochlearis
olivocochlear bundle
25427 8289
tractus longi rhombencephali rostralis (par)
long tracts of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
25430 8290
spinal ascending tracts (pair)
77766 12531 12531
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
5331 5331
fibrae spinorhombencephalica
spinorhombencephalic fibres
33844 7952
fibrae spinoparabrachiales
spinoparabrachial fibres
33843 7951
fibrae spinoreticulares rhombencephali rostralis
spinoreticular fibres of rostral rhombencephalon
33842 8418
fibrae spinofaciales
spinofacial fibres
25433 8291
ascending tracts of brain stem (pair)
83675 5298 5298
lemniscus medialis
medial lemniscus
25436 8293
tractus vestibulomesencephalici (par)
vestibulomesencephalic tracts (pair)
5462 5462
tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus ventralis ; lemniscus trigeminalis
anterior trigeminothalamic tract ; ventral trigeminothalamic tract ; trigeminal lemniscus
72500 5463 5463
tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus dorsalis
posterior trigeminothalamic tract ; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
72500 5463 5463
tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus dorsalis
posterior trigeminothalamic tract ; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
25157 8461
fibrae gustatoriae ascendentes
ascending gustatory fibres
25456 8298
tractus vestibulomesencephalici (par)
vestibulomesencephalic tracts (pair)
8427 8427
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus medialis
medial vestibulomesencephalic tract
8428 8428
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis
lateral vestibulomesencephalic tract
8429 8429
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis
ventral vestibulomesencephalic tract
8430 8430
tractus vestibulothalamicus
vestibulothalamic tract
25463 8424
projectiones auditoriae
auditory projections
72487 5466 5466
corpus trapezoideum
trapezoid body
25479 8425
striae cochleares
acoustic striae
72498 5470 5470
stria cochlearis anterior; stria cochlearis ventralis
anterior acoustic stria ; ventral acoustic stria
72497 5471 5471
stria cochlearis intermedia
intermediate acoustic stria
72496 5472 5472
stria cochlearis posterior
posterior acoustic stria ; dorsal acoustic stria
72502 5468 5468
lemniscus lateralis
lateral lemniscus
8440 8440
commissura nuclei dorsalis lemnisci lateralis
commissure of dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
25470 8315
fibrae ascendentes monoaminergicae (par)
monoaminergic ascending fibres (pair)
25386 8431
fibrae ascendentes serotonergicae
serotonergic ascending fibres
25387 8432
fibrae ascendentes noradrenergicae
noradrenergic ascending fibres
25499 8320
cerebellar efferent tracts (pair)
72490 5763 5763
fasciculus uncinatus cerebelli
uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum
27130 8467
fibrae cerebelloolivares ; fibrae nucleoolivares
cerebelloolivary fibres ; nucleoolivary fibres
31715 8325
tractus afferentes (par) P4 3 children
cerebellar afferent tracts (pair)
5228 5228
tractus spinocerebellaris anterior ; tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis
anterior spinocerebellar tract ; ventral spinocerebellar tract
25507 8327
descending tracts (pair)
8527 8527
tractus corticospinalis
corticospinal tract
12525 12525
tractus corticonuclearis
corticonuclear tract
32020 12543
tractus corticopontini
corticopontine tracts
25797 8126
fibrae amygdalotegmentales
amygdalotegmental fibres
77482 8415 8415
tractus hypothalamospinalis
hypothalamospinal tract
8479 8479
tractus tectobulbaris
tectobulbar tract
8480 8480
tractus tectospinalis
tectospinal tract
8495 8495
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis descendens
descending medial longitudinal fasciculus
62063 7620 7620
fasciculus longitudinalis posterior ; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis
posterior longitudinal fasciculus ; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
8481 8481
tractus rubrospinalis
rubrospinal tract
25621 8482
fibrae rubrocerebellares
rubrocerebellar fibres
25622 8483
fibrae rubrofaciales
rubrofacial fibres
8490 8490
tractus tegmentalis medialis
medial tegmental tract
83850 5476 5476
tractus tegmentalis centralis
central tegmental tract
75694 5234 5234
tractus caeruleospinalis
caeruleospinal tract ; coeruleospinal tract
34086 8347
tractus reticulospinales
reticulospinal tracts
73986 5212 5212
tractus reticulospinalis medialis ; tractus pontoreticulospinalis
medial reticulospinal tract ; pontoreticulospinal tract ; pontine reticulospinal tract
72244 5431 5431
pons ; basilar part of rostral rhombencephalon
83922 5441 5441
pontine grey matter; grey substance of pons ▲
77113 5442 5442
nuclei pontis
nuclei of pons
77114 34163 5443
nucleus anterior pontis (par) ; nucleus ventralis pontis (par)
anterior pontine nucleus (pair); ventral nucleus of pons (pair)
77116 34166 5444
nucleus lateralis pontis (par)
lateral pontine nucleus (pair)
77117 5445 5445
nucleus medianus pontis
median pontine nucleus
77122 34169 5446
nucleus paramedianus pontis (par)
paramedian pontine nucleus (pair)
77123 34172 5447
nucleus peduncularis pontis (par)
peduncular pontine nucleus (pair)
77118 34175 5448
nucleus posterior pontis (par) ; nucleus dorsalis pontis (par)
posterior pontine nucleus (pair); dorsal nucleus of pons (pair)
77120 34178 5449
nucleus posterior lateralis pontis (par); nucleus dorsolateralis pontis (par)
posterolateral pontine nucleus (pair); dorsolateral nucleus of pons (pair)
77121 5450 5450
nucleus posterior medialis pontis; nucleus dorsomedialis pontis
posteromedial pontine nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus of pons
83941 5432 5432
substantia alba pontis P4 17 children
pontine white matter; white substance of pons
34182 8381
tractus descendentes pontis (par)
descending tracts of pons (pair)
8527 8527
tractus corticospinalis
corticospinal tract
12525 12525
tractus corticonuclearis
corticonuclear tract
8528 8528
tractus corticoreticularis
corticoreticular tract
25213 5437
fibrae corticopontinae (par)
corticopontine fibres (pair)
75223 6243 6243
tractus frontopontinus
frontopontine tract
33887 8535
fibrae parietopontinae
parietopontine fibres
33888 8536
fibrae temporopontinae
temporopontine fibres
33886 8534
fibrae occipitopontinae
occipitopontine fibres
34189 11524
tractus commissurales pontis (par)
commissural tracts of pons (pair)
34066 11532
fibrae pontocerebellares
pontocerebellar fibres
11874 11874
rhombencephalon caudale P3 524 children
caudal rhombencephalon ; caudal hindbrain
25086 11777
external morphology of caudal rhombencephalon
78490 5287 5287
obex
obex
83795 5286 5286
sulcus medianus posterior ; sulcus medianus dorsalis
posterior median sulcus ; dorsal median sulcus
75256 40294 5285
tuberculum gracile (par)
gracile tubercle (pair)
72255 40297 5283
tuberculum cuneatum (par)
cuneate tubercle (pair)
75257 40300 5281
tuberculum trigeminale (par)
trigeminal tubercle (pair)
75608 40303 5278
sulcus posterolateralis (par) ; sulcus dorsolateralis (par)
posterolateral sulcus (pair) ; dorsolateral sulcus (pair)
40306 5274
oliva (par)
inferior olive (pair) ; olive (pair)
84363 40309 5277
area retroolivaris (par)
retroolivary area (pair)
83796 40312 5276
sulcus retroolivaris (par)
retroolivary groove (pair)
74582 40315 5272
sulcus preolivaris (par)
preolivary groove (pair)
75254 40318 5269
pyramis bulbaris (par) ; pyramis bulbi (par)
bulbar pyramid (pair)
83797 40321 5271
sulcus anterolateralis (par) ; sulcus ventrolateralis (par)
anterolateral sulcus (pair) ; ventrolateral sulcus (pair)
75350 5268 5268
foramen caecum medullae oblongatae
foramen caecum of medulla oblongata ▲
83734 5267 5267
fissura mediana anterior ; fissura mediana ventralis
anterior median fissure ; ventral median fissure
25093 11797
morphologia interna rhombencephali caudalis
internal morphology of caudal rhombencephalon
83925 5335 5335
substantia grisea rhombencephali caudalis
grey matter of caudal rhombencephalon ; grey substance ▲
40325 8031
somatosensory nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
72602 40328 5336
nucleus gracilis (par)
gracile nucleus (pair)
77059 40331 5337
pars centralis (par)
central part (pair)
77060 40334 5338
pars rostralis (par)
rostral part (pair)
77065 40337 5339
subnucleus rostrodorsalis (par)
rostrodorsal subnucleus (pair)
40340 8033
nucleus parvocellularis compactus (par)
compact parvocellular nucleus (pair)
68465 40343 5340
nucleus cuneatus (par)
cuneate nucleus (pair)
77069 40346 5341
pars caudalis (par)
caudal part (pair)
40349 8034
pars teres (par)
round part (pair)
40352 8036
pars triangularis (par)
triangular part (pair)
77070 40355 5342
pars rostralis (par)
rostral part (pair)
72603 40358 5343
nucleus cuneatus accessorius (par) ; nucleus cuneatus externus (par)
accessory cuneate nucleus (pair) ; external cuneate nucleus (pair)
77073 40361 5344
nucleus precuneatus accessorius (par)
accessory precuneate nucleus (pair) ; cell group X (pair)
72605 40364 5394
nucleus pericuneatus medialis (par)
medial pericuneate nucleus (pair)
72604 40367 5395
nucleus pericuneatus lateralis (par)
lateral pericuneate nucleus (pair)
77099 40370 5393
nucleus endolemniscalis (par)
endolemniscal nucleus (pair)
72600 40385 5400
nucleus peritrigeminalis (par)
peritrigeminal nucleus (pair)
72606 40373 5346
subnucleus caudalis (par)
caudal subnucleus (pair)
83959 40376 5347
lamina trigeminalis I (par) ; lamina zonalis (par)
trigeminal layer I (pair) ; zonal layer (pair)
83960 40379 5348
lamina trigeminalis II (par) ; lamina gelatinosa (par)
trigeminal layer II (pair) ; gelatinous layer (pair)
83961 40382 5349
lamina trigeminalis III-IV (par) ; lamina magnocellularis (par)
trigeminal layer III-IV (pair) ; magnocellular layer (pair)
40389 8037
viscerosensory nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
72607 27843 5392
area postrema (par)
postrema area (pair)
256691 40393 5364
nuclei tractus solitarii (par) ; nuclei solitarii (par)
nuclei of solitary tract (pair) ; solitary nuclei (pair)
77467 40417 5372
nucleus solitarius posterior (par) ; nucleus solitarius dorsalis (par)
posterior solitary nucleus (pair) ; dorsal solitary nucleus (pair)
229579 40420 5373
nucleus solitarius posterolateralis (par) ; nucleus solitarius dorsolateralis (par)
posterolateral solitary nucleus (pair) ; dorsolateral solitary nucleus (pair)
77468 40423 5374
nucleus solitarius anterior (par) ; nucleus solitarius ventralis (par)
anterior solitary nucleus (pair) ; ventral solitary nucleus (pair)
229583 40426 5375
nucleus solitarius anterolateralis (par) ; nucleus solitarius ventrolateralis (par)
anterolateral solitary nucleus (pair) ; ventrolateral solitary nucleus (pair)
229585 40411 5370
nucleus solitarius medialis (par)
medial solitary nucleus (pair)
77465 40408 5369
nucleus solitarius interstitialis (par)
interstitial solitary nucleus (pair)
77464 40405 5368
nucleus solitarius intermedius (par)
intermediate solitary nucleus (pair)
77463 40402 5367
nucleus solitarius gelatinosus (par)
gelatinous solitary nucleus (pair)
77466 40414 5371
nucleus solitarius paracommissuralis (par)
paracommissural solitary nucleus (pair)
54597 40399 5366
nucleus solitarius commissuralis (par)
commissural solitary nucleus (pair)
77091 40396 5365
nucleus parasolitarius (par)
parasolitary nucleus (pair)
40430 5376
vestibular nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
77095 40448 5380
nucleus marginalis (par)
marginal nucleus (pair) ; cell group Y (pair)
54611 40439 5379
nucleus vestibularis medialis (par)
medial vestibular nucleus (pair)
40442 8433
pars magnocellularis (par)
magnocellular part (pair)
40445 8039
pars parvocellularis (par)
parvocellular part (pair)
54608 40433 5377
nucleus vestibularis inferior (par)
inferior vestibular nucleus (pair)
77475 40436 5378
pars magnocellularis (par)
magnocellular part (pair) ; cell group F (pair)
40452 5381
auditory nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair); auditory nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
54624 40455 5382
nucleus cochlearis posterior (par) ; nucleus cochlearis dorsalis (par)
posterior cochlear nucleus (pair) ; dorsal cochlear nucleus (pair)
40458 8042
lamina molecularis (par)
molecular layer (pair)
40461 8044
lamina granularis (par)
granular layer (pair)
40464 8045
lamina profunda (par)
deep layer (pair)
31719 8046
neura nuclei cochlearis posterioris (par)
neurons of posterior cochlear nucleus (pair)
31723 8048
neura projectionis (par) ; neura principalia nuclei cochlearis posterioris (par)
projection neurons (pair); principal neurons (pair)
40470 8049
neura fusiformia (par)
fusiform neurons (pair) ; fusiform cells (pair)
40474 8050
neura gigantea (par)
giant neurons (pair) ; giant cells (pair)
31727 8052
interneura excitatoria (par)
excitatory interneurons (pair)
40479 8053
neura granularia (par)
granule neurons (pair); granule cells (pair)
31731 8055
interneura inhibitoria (par)
inhibitory interneurons (pair)
40484 8056
neura verticalia (par)
vertical neurons (pair) ; vertical cells (pair)
40488 8058
(neura rotiformia (par) )
(cartwheel neurons (pair); cartwheel cells (pair))
54621 40491 5383
nucleus cochlearis anterior (par) ; nucleus cochlearis ventralis (par)
anterior cochlear nucleus (pair) ; ventral cochlear nucleus (pair)
72571 40494 5384
pars anterior (par)
anterior part (pair)
72572 40497 5385
pars posterior (par)
posterior part (pair)
40500 8059
pars cupularis (par)
cupular part (pair)
31735 8061
neura nuclei cochlearis anterioris (par)
neurons of anterior cochlear nucleus (pair)
31739 8062
neura projectionis (par) ; neura principalia nuclei cochlearis anterioris (par)
projection neurons (pair); principal neurons (pair)
40506 8064
neura stellata (par)
stellate neurons (pair) ; stellate cells (pair); T-multipolar cells (pair)
40510 8065
neura fruticosa spherica (par)
spherical bushy neurons (pair) ; spherical bushy cells (pair)
40514 8066
neura fruticosa globosa (par)
globose bushy neurons (pair) ; globular bushy cells (pair)
40518 8068
neura octopodiformia (par)
octopus neurons (pair); octopus cells (pair)
31743 8069
interneura inhibitoria (par)
inhibitory interneurons (pair)
40523 8071
neura multipolaria (par)
multipolar neurons (pair) ; multipolar cells (pair); D-multipolar cells (pair)
40527 8072
somatomotor nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
54505 40530 5361
nucleus nervi hypoglossi (par)
hypoglossal nucleus (pair)
40534 8074
branchiomotor nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
54588 40537 5387
nucleus ambiguus (par)
ambiguus nucleus (pair); nucleus ambiguus (pair); ventral nucleus of vagus nerve (pair)
40540 5402
nucleus supraspinalis (par)
supraspinal nucleus (pair)
40544 8075
visceromotor nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
72601 40547 5389
nucleus salivatorius inferior (par)
inferior salivatory nucleus (pair)
54585 40550 5363
nucleus posterior nervi vagi (par) ; nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi (par)
posterior nucleus of vagus nerve (pair) ; dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve (pair)
40553 5403
reticular nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
72576 40565 5404
nucleus gigantocellularis (par)
gigantocellular reticular nucleus (pair)
77107 40571 5405
pars alpha (par)
part alpha (pair)
76832 40574 5406
nucleus gigantocellularis anterior (par) ; nucleus gigantocellularis ventralis (par)
anterior gigantocellular nucleus (pair) ; ventral gigantocellular nucleus (pair)
72577 40577 5407
nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (par)
lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (pair)
40568 8077
nucleus gigantocellularis proprius (par)
proper gigantocellular nucleus (pair)
72579 40556 5416
nucleus reticularis centralis (par)
central reticular nucleus (pair)
72581 40559 5417
pars dorsalis (par)
dorsal part (pair)
72583 40562 5418
pars ventralis (par)
ventral part (pair)
72575 40580 5414
nucleus reticularis parvocellularis (par)
parvocellular reticular nucleus (pair)
72578 40583 5415
nucleus paragigantocellularis posterior (par) ; nucleus paragigantocellularis dorsalis (par)
posterior paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (pair); dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus (pair)
40586 5409
zona reticularis intermedia (par) ; nucleus reticularis intermedius (par)
intermediate reticular zone (pair) ; intermediate reticular nucleus (pair)
40589 8078
centrum respiratorium ventrale rostrale (par)
rostral ventral respiratory group (pair) ▲
40592 8080
centrum respiratorium ventrale caudale (par)
caudal ventral respiratory group (pair) ▲
40595 8081
centrum expiratorium medullae (par)
medullary expiratory centre (pair) ; Bötzinger group of expiratory neurons (pair) ▲
40598 8083
centrum generans motus respiratorii (par)
generating centre of respiratory rhythm (pair) ; pre-Bötzinger cells (pair) ▲
40601 8084
centrum vasomotorium medullae ventrolaterale rostrale (par)
rostral ventrolateral medullary vasomotor centre (pair)
40604 8086
centrum vasomotorium medullae ventrolaterale caudale (par)
caudal ventrolateral medullary vasomotor centre (pair)
40608 8087
neuromodulator nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
40612 5420
nuclei of raphe of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
72584 40616 5423
nucleus raphes magnus (par)
raphe magnus nucleus (pair)
31862 8216
cellulae serotonergicae B3 (par)
serotonergic cells B3 (pair)
72585 40620 5421
nucleus raphes obscurus (par)
raphe obscurus nucleus (pair)
31854 8214
cellulae serotonergicae B2 (par)
serotonergic cells B2 (pair)
72586 40624 5422
nucleus raphes pallidus (par)
raphe pallidus nucleus (pair)
31858 8213
cellulae serotonergicae B1 (par)
serotonergic cells B1 (pair)
40629 8089
cellulae adrenergicae rhombencephali caudalis (par) ; cellulae adrenergicae C1-C2 (par)
adrenergic cells of caudal rhombencephalon (pair) ; adrenergic cells C1-C2 (pair)
40633 8090
cellulae noradrenergicae rhombencephali caudalis (par) ; cellulae noradrenergicae A1-A2 (par)
noradrenergic cells of caudal rhombencephalon (pair) ; noradrenergic cells A1-A2 (pair)
40637 8091
limbic nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
77096 40640 5388
nucleus retroambiguus (par)
retroambiguus nucleus (pair); nucleus retroambiguus (pair)
40644 8093
precerebellar nuclei of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
72243 40647 5353
complexus olivaris inferior (par)
inferior olivary complex (pair)
72592 40650 5354
nucleus olivaris principalis (par)
principal olivary nucleus (pair)
77086 40653 5355
lamella posterior (par) ; lamella dorsalis (par)
posterior lamella (pair) ; dorsal lamella (pair)
77088 40656 5356
lamella anterior (par) ; lamella ventralis (par)
anterior lamella (pair) ; ventral lamella (pair)
77087 40659 5357
lamella lateralis (par)
lateral lamella (pair)
72612 40662 5358
hilum complexus olivaris inferioris (par)
hilum of inferior olivary complex (pair)
72593 40665 5359
nucleus olivaris accessorius posterior (par) ; nucleus olivaris accessorius dorsalis (par)
posterior accessory olivary nucleus (pair) ; dorsal accessory olivary nucleus (pair)
72594 40668 5360
nucleus olivaris accessorius medialis (par)
medial accessory olivary nucleus (pair)
72574 40671 5410
nucleus reticularis lateralis (par)
lateral reticular nucleus (pair)
76833 40674 5411
pars magnocellularis (par)
magnocellular part (pair)
76834 40677 5412
pars parvocellularis (par)
parvocellular part (pair)
77111 40680 5413
pars subtrigeminalis (par)
subtrigeminal part (pair)
40684 5396
nuclei perihypoglossi (par)
perihypoglossal nuclei (pair)
68574 40687 5397
nucleus subhypoglossus (par)
subhypoglossal nucleus (pair)
72597 40690 5398
nucleus intercalatus (par)
intercalated nucleus (pair)
72596 40693 5399
nucleus prepositus (par)
prepositus nucleus (pair)
72609 40696 5390
nucleus arcuatus (par)
arcuate nucleus (pair)
40699 8094
nucleus conterminalis (par)
conterminal nucleus (pair)
54575 40702 5408
nucleus interfascicularis nervi hypoglossi (par)
interfascicular nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (pair)
72608 40705 5401
nucleus pontobulbaris (par)
pontobulbar nucleus (pair)
40709 8095
nuclei caudales partis cerebellaris (par)
caudal paramedian tract nuclei (pair)
40712 8097
nucleus interfascicularis medullae spinalis (par)
medullary interfascicular nucleus (pair) ; paramedian tract cell group 1 (pair)
40716 8098
nuclei para (par)
pararapheal nuclei (pair)
72581 40719 5362
nucleus paramedianus posterior (par) ; nucleus paramedianus dorsalis (par)
posterior paramedian nucleus (pair) ; dorsal paramedian nucleus (pair)
83944 5288 5288
substantia alba rhombencephali caudalis
white matter of caudal rhombencephalon ; white substance of caudal rhombencephalon
40723 8101
central roots of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
258416 5245 5245
fasciculus gracilis
gracile fasciculus
73941 5246 5246
fasciculus cuneatus
cuneate fasciculus
72619 5307 5307
tractus solitarius
solitary tract
83851 5302 5302
tractus spinalis nervi trigeminalis
spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
27286 8099
tractus longi rhombencephali caudalis (par)
long tracts of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
27289 8107
ascending tracts of spinal cord (pair)
77766 12531 12531
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
5331 5331
fibrae spinorhombencephalica
spinorhombencephalic fibres
5326 5326
fibrae spinoreticulares rhombencephali caudalis
spinoreticular fibres of caudal rhombencephalon
7958 7958
tractus cervicothalamicus
cervicothalamic tract
12547 12547
tractus spinoolivaris
spinoolivary tract
7539 7539
tractus spinovestibularis
spinovestibular tract
27293 8117
ascending tracts of brain stem (pair)
83675 5298 5298
lemniscus medialis
medial lemniscus
5296 5296
fibrae arcuatae internae
internal arcuate fibres
72622 5297 5297
decussatio lemniscorum medialium; decussatio sensoria
decussation of medial lemnisci; sensory decussation
34115 8453
tractus trigeminothalamici rhombencephali caudalis
trigeminothalamic tracts of caudal rhombencephalon
8454 8454
tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus ventralis ; lemniscus trigeminalis
anterior trigeminothalamic tract ; ventral trigeminothalamic tract ; trigeminal lemniscus
8455 8455
tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis
lateral trigeminothalamic tract
27297 8127
tractus cerebelli (par) P4 28 children
tracts of cerebellum (pair)
27305 8128
tractus pedunculi cerebellaris inferioris (par)
tracts of inferior cerebellar peduncle (pair)
72615 40727 5280
tractus corporis restiformis (par)
tracts of restiform body (pair)
73950 5319 5319
tractus spinocerebellaris posterior ; tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis
posterior spinocerebellar tract ; dorsal spinocerebellar tract
8419 8419
tractus spinocerebellaris rostralis
rostral spinocerebellar tract
12058 12058
tractus cuneocerebellaris
cuneocerebellar tract
5320 5320
fibrae cuneocerebellares
cuneocerebellar fibres
5308 5308
fibrae arcuatae externae posteriores ; fibrae arcuatae externae dorsales
posterior external arcuate fibres ; dorsal external arcuate fibres
5275 5275
fibrae arcuatae externae anteriores ; fibrae arcuatae externae ventrales
anterior external arcuate fibres ; ventral external arcuate fibres
34122 8456
fibrae trigeminocerebellares
trigeminocerebellar fibres
72638 5305 5305
tractus olivocerebellaris
olivocerebellar tract
34123 8457
fibrae nucleocerebellares
nucleocerebellar fibres
34124 8458
fibrae raphecerebellares
raphecerebellar fibres
72613 40731 5306
tractus corporis juxtarestiformis (par)
tracts of juxtarestiform body of cerebellum (pair)
25660 8459
fibrae vestibulocerebellares
vestibulocerebellar fibres
25698 8450
fibrae vestibulocerebellares primariae
primary vestibulocerebellar fibres
25699 8460
fibrae vestibulocerebellares secundariae
secondary vestibulocerebellar fibres
27116 8466
fibrae cerebellovestibulares
cerebellovestibular fibres
27138 8468
fibrae fastigiobulbares
fastigiobulbar fibres
34046 7916
fibrae fastigiospinales
fastigiospinal fibres
72642 5312 5312
tractus spinocerebellaris anterior ; tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis
anterior spinocerebellar tract ; ventral spinocerebellar tract
27301 8160
descending tracts of brain stem (pair)
72634 8526 8526
tractus pyramidalis
pyramidal tract
8527 8527
tractus corticospinalis
corticospinal tract
12525 12525
tractus corticonuclearis
corticonuclear tract
8528 8528
tractus corticoreticularis
corticoreticular tract
5293 5293
decussatio pyramidum; decussatio motoria
decussation of pyramids; motor decussation
25797 8126
fibrae amygdalotegmentales
amygdalotegmental fibres
77482 8415 8415
tractus hypothalamospinalis
hypothalamospinal tract
8490 8490
tractus tegmentalis medialis
medial tegmental tract
8491 8491
tractus pretectoolivaris
pretectoolivary tract
8492 8492
tractus prerubroolivaris
prerubroolivary tract
7930 7930
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
medial longitudinal fasciculus
5481 5481
pars rhombencephalica rostralis
rostral rhombencephalic part
8446 8446
tractus vestibulospinalis medialis
medial vestibulospinal tract
62063 7620 7620
fasciculus longitudinalis posterior ; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis
posterior longitudinal fasciculus ; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
8479 8479
tractus tectobulbaris
tectobulbar tract
5459 5459
fibrae tectoreticulares
tectoreticular fibres
5458 5458
fibrae tectoolivares
tectoolivary fibres
8480 8480
tractus tectospinalis
tectospinal tract
83850 5476 5476
tractus tegmentalis centralis
central tegmental tract
77050 34021 5322
tractus rubroolivares
rubroolivary tracts
72611 5303 5303
amiculum olivare
amiculum of olive
75694 5234 5234
tractus caeruleospinalis
caeruleospinal tract ; coeruleospinal tract
34086 8347
tractus reticulospinales
reticulospinal tracts
73986 5212 5212
tractus reticulospinalis medialis ; tractus pontoreticulospinalis
medial reticulospinal tract ; pontoreticulospinal tract ; pontine reticulospinal tract
75689 5224 5224
tractus reticulospinalis lateralis ; tractus bulboreticulospinalis
lateral reticulospinal tract ; bulboreticulospinal tract ; medullary reticulospinal tract
27441 7883
tractus cerebellospinales
cerebellospinal tracts
75690 8469 8469
tractus fastigiospinalis
fastigiospinal tract
75691 5221 5221
tractus interpositospinalis
interpositospinal tract
73974 5318 5318
tractus vestibulospinalis lateralis
lateral vestibulospinal tract
34129 8443
tractus raphespinales
raphespinal tracts
8444 8444
tractus raphespinalis lateralis
lateral raphespinal tract
75686 5310 5310
tractus raphespinalis anterior ; tractus raphespinalis ventralis
anterior raphespinal tract ; ventral raphespinal tract
8447 8447
tractus solitariospinalis
solitariospinal tract
1698 lines
96.4 %
92.2 %
12 partial items
3946 entities
Scientific notes
UID
Libelle of note
5224
For the Reticulospinal tracts various terms are used in the literature. Following the study on human reticulospinal fibres by Nathan PW, Smith MC, Deacon P (1996 Vestibulospinal, reticulospinal and descending propriospinal nerve fibres in man. Brain 119:1809-1833), here, a simplified subdivision into a Lateral (from The Myelencephalon) and a Medial reticulospinal tract (from the Pons) is advocated.
5263
The Diencephalon in its classic, columnar view was divided into four dorsoventrally arranged columns separated by ventricular sulci: the Epithalamus, the Dorsal thalamus, the Ventral thalamus and the Hypothalamus. Extensive embryological studies made it clear that the thalamic 'columns' are derived from transversely oriented zones, the Prosomeres (see TE). Currently, the (Caudal) Diencephalon is subdivided into three segmental units, which from caudal to rostral, contain in their alar domains the Pretectum (prosomere 1 or P1), the Epithalamus and the Thalamus (P2) and the Ventral thalamus or Prethalamus (P3). The diencephalic basal plate contains the rostral part of the Substantia nigra-VTA complex and some other nuclei, collectively forming the Diencephalic or Prerubral tegmentum between the Mesencephalon and the Hypothalamus. The entire Hypothalamus or Rostral diencephalon arises from the alar and basal components of the secondary prosencephalon. The Preoptic area is one of the subpallial developmental domains (Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C 2013 A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 36:570-578).
5340
For the Nucleus cuneatus (Cuneate nucleus), the new subdivision into 4 parts by Florence SL, Wall JT, Kaas JH (1989 Somatotopic organization of inputs from the hand to the spinal gray and cuneate nucleus of monkeys. J Comp Neurol 286:48-70) is used, as in Paxinos G, Huang X-F (1995 Atlas of the Human Brainstem. Academic Press, San Diego).
5362
The Nucleus paramedianus posterior is also known as the Nucleus of the anterior funiculus, and possibly, is a precerebellar nucleus (Baizer JS, Baker JF, Haas K, Lima R 2007 Neurochemical organization of the nucleus paramedianus dorsalis in the human. Brain Res 1176:45-52; Olszewski and Baxter3, page 281).
5389
It should be noted that the Inferior and Superior salivatory nuclei appear to be a distributed set of neurons that do not condense into nuclei as such (Blessing WB 2004 Lower brain stem regulation of visceral, cardiovascular, and respiratory function. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp 465-478).
5409
The Zona reticularis intermedia (Intermediate reticular zone of Paxinos et al. 1990) is the junctional zone between the alar and basal plates in the medulla oblongata and retropontine tegmentum. It contains the motoneurons of the ambiguus, retrofacial and facial nuclei, and the retroambiguus nucleus (Paxinos G, Huang X-F 1995 Atlas of the Human Brain Stem. Academic Press, CA). The IRZ around this motoneuron column includes the Bötzinger complex, the pre-Bötzinger complex and rostral and ventral respiratory and vasomotor groups (Blessing WW, Benarroch EE 2012 Lower brainstem regulation of visceral, cardiovascular, and respiratory function. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Central Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1058-1073). Alternatively, certain nuclei have been grouped as Lateral reticular formation (Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, van Huijzen C 2008 The Human Central Nervous System, 4th ed. Springer, Heidelberg).
5575
Traditionally, the Mesencephalon was subdivided into the Tectum (the Colliculi) and the Pedunculus (the Crus cerebri, the Substantia.VTA complex and the Tegmentum mesencephali). Here it is advocated to use the term Pedunculus only for what it actually is: a large bundle of fibres from the Telencephalon to the Brain stem and Spinal cord.
5598
The Pars compacta may be further subdivided into two parts or tiers, each with subnuclei (Braak H, Braak E 1986 Nuclear configuration and neuronal types of the nucleus niger in the brain of the human adult. Human Neurobiol 5:71-82; van Domburg PHMF, ten Donkelaar HJ 1991 The human substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 121:1-130); here, the subdivision by Halliday G, Reyes S, Double K (2012 Substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral fields. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 439-455) is used. The various subnuclei partly correspond to the subdivision into Nigrosomes and Matrix (Damier P, Hirsch EC, Agid Y, Graybiel AM 1999 The substantia nigra of the human brain. I. Nigrosomes and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D28k immunohistochemistry. Brain 122:1421-1436).
5672
The Nucleus externus is a laminar structure; in Amunts K, Morosan P, Hilbig H, Zilles K (2012 Auditory system. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1270-1300) described as External cortex of Inferior colliculus (ECIC) to replace the TA term Nucleus lateralis. In TH, the Nucleus pericentralis is described as Dorsal cortex with Layers I-IV, based on: Geniec P, Morest DK (1971) The neuronal architecture of the human posterior colliculus; Acta Oto-Laryngol 295:(Suppl):1-33; supported by immunohistochemical data in rhesus monkeys by Amunts et al. (2012; their Dorsal cortex of inferior colliculus).
5673
See note # 5672
5738
Recent data suggest that the Tonsilla is comparable to the Dorsal paraflocculus, and the Paraflocculus accessorius to the Ventral paraflocculus (see Voogd and Ruigrok 2012). The Paraflocculus accessorius forms part of Lobule HIX.
5813
For the Thalamic nuclei, a new subdivision based on Hirai T, Jones EG (1989 A new parcellation of the human thalamus on the basis of histochemical staining. Brain Res Rev 14:1-34) and updated by Morel A, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D (1997 Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus. J Comp Neurol 387:618-677) is used to replace the list of terms in TA (14.1.08.603-14.1.08.658), largely a matter of a more practical grouping of nuclei. As Latin synonym the term Regio is adopted from Percheron G (2004 Thalamus. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 592-675).
5971
Some new items have been added from ten Donkelaar HJ, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Mai JK (2018) Toward a common terminology for the gyri and sulci of the human cerebral cortex. Front Neuroanat 12:93.
5972
The Pallium has four components of which the Pallium dorsale gives rise to the Isocortex (Neocortex), the Pallium laterale to the Claustro-insular complex, the Pallium mediale to the Formatio hippocampi, and the Pallium ventrale to the Olfactory cortex and the Pallial amygdala (see TE, Section Neuroembryology).
5992
For the Polus frontalis (Frontal pole) and its subdivision, see Petrides M, Pandya DN (2012 The frontal lobe. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 988-1011; Bludau S, Eickhoff SB, Mohlberg H, et al. (2014) Cytoarchitecture, probability maps and functions of the human frontal pole. Neuroimage 93:260-275.
5996
For subdivision of Broca’s area, see Amunts K, Schleicher A, Bürgel U, et al. (1999 Broca’s region revisited: Cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability. J Comp Neurol 412:319-341). The Sulcus diagonalis (of Eberstaller) is a variable branch of the Sulcus lateralis, dividing the Pars opercularis into two parts. The Sulcus radiatus (of Eberstaller) may indent the Pars triangularis from above.
6005
See note # 6006
6006
The Angular and supramarginal gyri form with the Parietal operculum the Lobulus parietalis inferior (Inferior parietal lobule or IPL). The Gyrus angularis (Angular gyrus; BA39) can be further subdivided (see Caspers S, Amunts K, Zilles K 2012 Posterior parietal cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1036-1035). The Operculum parietale (Parietal operculum) contains four cytoarchitectonic, functionally defined areas OP1-4 (see Eickhoff S, Schleicher A, Zilles K, Amunts K 2006a The human parietal operculum. I. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of subdivisions. Cereb Cortex 16:254-267; Eickhoff S, Amunts K, Mohlberg H, Zilles K 2006b Stereotaxic maps and correlation with functional imaginig results. Cereb Cortex 16:268-279). The Gyrus supramarginalis (Supramarginal gyrus; BA40) can be further subdivided (see Caspers et al. 2012).
6007
See note # 6006
6008
In monkeys, the Intraparietal sulcus contains numerous intraparietal areas (AIP, LIP, MIP, PIP and VIP), area PEip and area V6A (Rizzolatti G, Luppino G, Matelli M 1998 The organization of the cortical motor system: New concepts. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 106:283-296). In the human brain, at least AIP and VIP areas have been identified (Seitz RJ, Binkofski F 2003 Modular organization of parietal lobe functions as revealed by functional activation studies. Adv Neurol 93:281-292).
6011
The Lobulus parietalis superior (Superior parietal lobule or SPL) can be divided into a Preparietal area (BA5 with subdivisions) and a Superior parietal area (BA7 with subdivisions; see Scheperjans F, Eickhoff SB, Mohlberg H, et al. 2008 Probabilistic maps, cytoarchitectonic morphometry, and variability of areas in human superior parietal cortex. Cereb Cortex 18:2141-2157).
6012
See note # 6006
6019
The Gyrus temporalis superior (Superior temporal gyrus; BA22) is not a homogeneous cortical area; it contains various cytoarchitectonically and functionally distinct cortical areas. Its Pars anterior (Anterior part or Belt area) forms the Secondary auditory cortex (BA42 or A2; see Morosan P, Rademacher J, Schleicher A, et al. 2001 Human primary auditory cortex: Cytoarchitecture, subdivisions and mapping into a spatial reference system. Neuroimage 13:684-701; Zilles and Amunts 2012). Its Pars posterior (Posterior part or Wernicke's area) is a loosely defined region which comprises the Posterior part of BA22 but also parts of the Inferior parietal lobule.
6020
See note # 6019
6021
The Dorsal part of the Gyrus temporalis superior contains three Sulci temporales transversi (Transverse temporal sulci): the Planum polare (Polar plane) is separated from the Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl by the Sulcus temporalis transversus anterior (Anterior transverse temporal sulcus), the Gyri temporales transversi (Transverse temporal gyri) are subdivided by the Sulcus temporalis transversus intermedius (Intermediate transverse temporal sulcus), and the Planum temporale (Temporal plane) is separated from the Posterior transverse temporal gyrus by the Sulcus temporalis transversus posterior (Posterior transverse temporal sulcus or Heschl's sulcus; see Duvernoy 1992).
6024
See note # 6021
6029
For the Inferomedial aspect of the Temporal lobe, usually the terms Gyrus temporalis inferior (T3), Gyrus fusiformis (T4) and Gyrus parahippocampalis (T5) are used, separated by the Occipitotemporal and the Collateral sulci.
6030
See note # 9188
6052
The following Gyri orbitales can be distinguished: 1) the Gyrus orbitalis medialis, the gyrus between the olfactory sulcus and the medial orbital sulcus; 2) the Gyrus orbitalis anterior, the cortex rostral to the transverse orbital sulcus; 3) the Gyrus orbitalis posterior, the cortex caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus; and 4) the Gyrus orbitalis lateralis, the gyrus lateral to the lateral orbital sulcus. The caudal parts of the medial and posterior orbital gyri merge to form the Lobulus orbitalis posteromedialis as described by Türe U, Yasargil DCH, Al-Mefti O, Yasargil MC (1999 Topographic anatomy of the insular region. J Neurosurg 90:720-733) and Naidich TP, Kang E, Fatterpekar GM, et al. (2004 The insula: Anatomic study and MR imaging display at 1.5T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:222-232). Mai and Majtanik (2017 Human Brain in Standard MNI Space. Academic/Elsevier, San Diego) also described a Regio orbitalis posterolateralis.
6053
Lateral to the Sulcus olfactorius, there are two longitudinally directed sulci, the Sulcus orbitalis medialis and the Sulcus orbitalis lateralis, which are joined together by the Sulcus orbitalis transversus to form the impression of an H or a K pattern (Duvernoy 1992; Petrides and Pandya 2012). The cingulate sulcus continues around the rostrum of the corpus callosum, where it is also known as the Sulcus rostralis superior. This sulcus may continue as the Sulcus rostralis inferior, which separates the straight gyrus from the medial surface of the frontal lobe.
6067
The Gyrus cingularis (Cingulate gyrus) can at least be divided into an Anterior, a Posterior and a Retrosplenial part. Vogt BA, Palomero-Gallagher N (2012 Cingulate cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 943-987) added a Midcingulate cortex.
6069
See note # 8762
6071
The Uncus is treated in various ways: 1) as the rostral part of the Parahippocampal gyrus; 2) as a structure on its own. TNA suggests the latter. Insausti R and Amaral DG (2012 Hippocampal formation. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 896-942) advocated to restrict the term Uncus to the Gyrus uncinatus, the Band or limbus of Giacomini and the Gyrus intralimbicus (or Uncal apex). The Sulcus semianularis (Semi-anular sulcus) separates the Ambient and Semilunar sulci (see Duvernoy HM 1992, 1998 The Human Hippocampus, 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York). The Gyrus uncinatus is the most rostral part of Uncal bulge, according to Insausti and Amaral (2012) and part of field CA1. The Limbus fasciae dentatae (Band of dentate gyrus) is the Middle part of the Uncus, first described by Giacomini CH (1884 Fascia dentata du grand hippocampe dans le cerveau de l'homme. Arch Ital Biol 5:1-16, 205-209, 396-417) and part of the Dentate gyrus. The Gyrus intralimbicus (Intralimbic gyrus or Uncal apex) is the most caudal part of the Uncal bulge and part of field CA3.
6125
The Archicortex includes the Hippocampus (Ammon's horn, Dentate gyrus and Subiculum), Presubiculum, Parasubiculum, Entorhinal cortex, Retrosplenial cortex and a cortical band in the Cingulate gyrus (Stephan 1975; Zilles K, Amunts K 2012 Architecture of the cerebral cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 836-895).
6126
The Paleocortex includes the Olfactory bulb, Retrobulbar region ('Anterior olfactory nucleus'), Olfactory tubercle, Septal and Piriform (BA51) regions and a minor part of the Amygdala (Stephan 1975; Zilles and Amunts 2012).
6128
The Allocortex includes the Paleocortex and the Archicortex (Filimonoff IN 1947 A rational subdivision of the cerebral cortex. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 58:296-311; Stephan H 1975 Allocortex. In: Bargmann W (ed) Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen, Vol 4: Nervensystem, Band 9. Springer).
6129
The Mesocortex (Rose M 1927 Der Allocortex bei Tier und Mensch. I. Teil. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 34:1-11) comprises the Proisocortex, a transition area between the Isocortex and the Allocortex, and the Periallocortex, the adjoining part of the Allocortex (Filimonoff 1947); also known as Paralimbic cortex (Mesulam 1985). The Periallocortex can further be subdivided into the Peripaleocortex (Claustrum) and the Periarchicortex (Entorhinal, Presubicular and Retrosplenial cortices and part of the Cingulate gyrus; Filimonoff 1947; Zilles and Amunts 2012).
6167
Under this Heading the structures presented in TA as Substantia basalis, Substantia innominata and Area septalis are grouped. Reichert's 'Substantia innominata' was for a long time a 'terra incognita' of the Basal forebrain. The extensive studies by Heimer and colleagues (Heimer L, Harlan RE, Alheid GF, et al. 1997 Substantia innominata: A notion which impedes clinico-anatomical correlations in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroscience 76:957-1006; Heimer et al. 1999; Sakamoto et al. 1999) make the term SI more or less superfluous.
6168
The Nuclei of the Corpus amygdaloideum (Amygdaloid body) are replaced into groups following de Olmos JS (2004 Amygdala. In Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 739-868) and Mai JK, Paxinos G, Voss T (2008 Atlas of the Human Brain, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam).
6182
See note # 8686
6185
The Nucleus striae terminalis (Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) can be subdivided into various subnuclei, the best known are the Lateral and Medial divisions (see Heimer L, de Olmos J, Alheid GF, et al. 1999 The human basal forebrain, Part 1. Handb Chem Neuroanatomy 15:57-226; Sakamoto N, Pearson J, Shinoda K, Alheid GF 1999 The human basal forebrain, Part 1. Handb Chem Neuroanat 15:1-55).
6187
Traditionally, the Claustrum is divided into a Dorsal (Insular) claustrum, connected with the Isocortex, and a Ventral (Piriform) claustrum or Endopiriform nucleus, connected with the Allocortex (see Druga R 2014 The structure and connections of the claustrum. In: Smythies JR, Edelstein LR, Ramachandran VS, eds: The Claustrum, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 29-84).
6230
The Subpallium develops from four Developmental domains (see Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C 2013 A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 36:570-578). Traditionally, the Preoptic area is discussed together with the Hypothalamus. The Amygdala arises from all four Subpallial domains as well as from the Pallium ventrale.
6254
The Pars retrolentiformis of the Internal capsule should be treated as a separate component, not as part of the Posterior limb; Crus retrolentiforme suggested as synonym. The Pars sublentiformis also forms a separate component of the Internal capsule; Crus sublentiforme suggested as synonym.
6259
See note # 6254
6267
The Capsula extrema (Extreme capsule) forms one of the Long association systems involved in language processing (see Catani M, Thiebaut de Schotten M 2012 Atlas of Human Brain Connections. Oxford University Press, Oxford).
6269
Although in the Fasciculus arcuatus (Arcuate fasciculus) three segments (anterior, long and posterior) were distinguished (Cayani M, Jones DK, ffytche DH 2005 Perisylvian language pathways. Ann Neurol 57:8-16), more recent research showed that the anterior segment belongs to the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the posterior segment is in reality separate and was renamed Fasciculus temporoparietalis verticalis (temporoparietal vertical or aslant tract), leaving the long segment as the true arcuate fasciculus (Fernandez-Miranda JC, Wang Y, Pathak S, et al. 2015 Asymmetry, connectivity, and segmentation of the arcuate fascicle in the human brain. Brain Struct Funct 220:3665-3680)
6272
The Fasciculus longitudinalis superior (Superior longitudinal fasciculus) appears to be composed of three bundles (SLFI-III or Superior, Middle and Inferior; Makris N, Kennedy DN, McInerney S, et al. 2005 Segmentation of subcomponents within the superior longitudinal fascicle in humans: A quantitative, in vivo, DT-MRI study. Cereb Cortex 15:854-869) as in monkeys (Schmahmann JD, Pandya DN 2006 Fiber Pathways of the Brain. Oxford University Press, New York; Thiebaut de Schotten M, Dell'Acqua F, Valabreque R, Catani M 2012 Monkey to human comparative anatomy of the frontal lobe association tracts. Cortex 48:82-96).
6273
Here, the new nomenclature for the long association fibres of the cerebrum is advocated as proposed by Mandonnet E, Sarubbo S, Petit L (2018 The nomenclature of human white matter association pathways: Proposal for a systematic taxonomic anatomical classification. Front Neuroanat 12:94).
6274
The Fibrae U-figuratae (U-shaped fibres) were first described by Meynert (1872), and replaced the term Fibrae arcuatae cerebri (Arnold 1838) that became obsolete.
6278
Recently, the Fasciculus temporoparietalis verticalis (Temporoparietal aslant tract) was demonstrated, replacing the vertical segment of the arcuate fasciculus (Panesar SS, Belo JT, Yeh F-C, Fernandez-Miranda JC 2019 Structure, asymmetry, and connectivity of the human temporo-parietal asland and vertical occipital fasciculi. Brain Struct Funct 224:907-923; see also 6273).
6286
(Commissura hippocampi): The old term Psalterium has been added; much in use by clinicians; for a study on the cells of origin of commissural connections of the monkey hippocampal formation, see Amaral DG, Insausti R, Cowan WM (1984) The commissural connections of the monkey hippocampal formation. J Comp Neurol 224:307-336.
7460
The Tractus vestibulomesencephalici include (Büttner-Ennever JA, Gerrits NM 2004 Vestibular system. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds. The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1213-1240): the Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus medialis, containing fibres from Vestibular nuclei to Oculomotor nuclei, passing via the MLF; the Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis, with fibres from the Lateral vestibular nucleus to Oculomotor nuclei, passing just lateral to the MLF (eponym: Ascending tract of Deiters; the Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis, with fibres from the Y group and the Superior vestibular nucleus crossing in the Ventral tegmentum either within or below the Brachium conjunctivum.
8147
New term, described by Horn, AKE, Büttner-Ennever, JA (1998 Premotor neurons for vertical eye-movements in the rostral mesencephalon of monkey and man: The histological identification by parvalbumin immunostaining. J Comp Neurol 392:413-427) as a premotor nucleus for vertical eye movements.
8150
See note # 8641
8248
The use of 'stellatum' for the Golgi cells is unfortunate, given the presence of other Stellate cells in the Molecular layer. As Latin term Neuron golgiense and as English term Golgi cell were accepted at the FIPAT Meeting in Istanbul, 2015.
8249
See note # 8248
8347
See note # 5224
8426
(Tractus trigeminothalamici): The Tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior arises in the Spinal trigeminal nucleus and joins the Medial lemniscus, whereas the Tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis arises in the Caudal part of the Spinal trigeminal nucleus and joins the Anterolateral tract.
8430
(Tractus vestibulothalamicus): In monkeys, Vestibulothalamic projections pass via both the FLM and the Ascending tract of Deiters (Lang W, Büttner-Ennever JA, Büttner U 1979 Vestibular projections to the monkey thalamus: An autoradiographic study. Brain Res 177:3-17). Zwergal et al. (2008) demonstrated a Vestibulothalamic tract adjacent to the Medial lemniscus in humans (Zwergal A, Büttner-Ennever JA, Brandt T, Strupp M 2008 An ipsilateral vestibulothalamic tract adjacent to the medial lemniscus in humans. Brain 131:2928-2935).
8453
See note # 8426
8539
The Via endofolialis (Endfolial pathway) is composed of Hilar Schaffer collaterals from CA3h (see Lim C, Mufson EJ, Kordower JH, et al. 1997 Connections of the hippocampal formation in humans. II. The endfolial pathway. J Comp Neurol 385:352-371).
8578
The two 'Olfactory gyri' in TA suggested their presence as clearly identifiable structures; this is not true. These terms remained from the classic description of the Rhinencephalon (see Gastaut H, Lammers HJ 1961 Anatomie du rhinencéphale. Masson, Paris) and have been deleted. The Cortex piriformis or Cortex olfactorius primarius is the real Olfactory cortex, and can be divided into Frontal and Temporal parts (Allison AC 1954 The secondary olfactory areas in the human brain. J Anat (Lond) 88:481-488; Heimer L, de Olmos J, Alheid GF, et al. 1999 The human basal forebrain, Part 2. Handb Chem Neuroanat 15:57-226).
8622
The basal parts of the prosomeres P1-P3 form several nuclei, previously included in the Mesencephalon (see General footnote). The rostral parts of the Substantia nigra/VTA-complex also derive from P1-P3. The term Tegmentum prerubrale is preferred as topographic term over Tegmentum diencephali.
8624
The Nucleus preopticus ventrolateralis is a recently discovered Preoptic nucleus, a sleep-promoting nucleus (Saper CB, Chou TC, Scammell TE 2001 The sleep switch: Hypothalamic control of sleep and wakefulness. Trends Neurosci 24:726-731).
8632
The Nucleus ventromedialis posterior (Ventromedial posterior nucleus; VMpo) is a newly discovered nucleus involved in pain perception as part of the Ventromedial nucleus (Blomqvist A, Zhang ET, Craig AD 2000 Cytoarchitectonic and immunohistochemical characterization of a specific pain and tempearature relay, the posterior portion of the ventral medial nucleus, in the human thalamus. Brain 123:601-619).
8641
Replaced from Mesencephalon; for the subdivision of this nucleus, Principal and Magnocellular parts are adopted, following Olszewski and Baxter3. The Ventral division is renamed as Nucleus ellipticus (coming from Cetacea and Proboscidea) or Nucleus of Darkschewitsch, not part of the Nucleus of the posterior commissure.
8659
The Sulcus frontomarginalis (Frontomarginal sulcus of Wernicke) is an important landmark in the frontal polar region (Duvernoy HM 1992 Le cerveau humain. Springer, Paris; Tamraz JC, Comair YG 2006 Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York), and used as such in the DTI literature (Catani M, Thiebaut de Schotten M 2012 Atlas of Human Brain Connections. Oxford University Press, Oxford).
8663
The various Motor areas of the Frontal lobe are known as F1-F7 in monkey brains (see Geyer G, Luppino L, Rozzi G 2012 Motor cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1012-1035): F1 is the Primary motor cortex, F2 the Caudal part of the Cortex premotorius dorsalis, F3, the the Caudal part of the Cortex premotorius medialis (SMA proper), F4 the Caudal part of the Cortex premotorius ventralis, F5 the Rostral part of the Cortex premotorius ventralis, F6 the Rostral part of the Cortex premotorius medialis (Pre-SMA), and F7 the Rostral part of the Cortex premotorius dorsalis.
8664
See note # 8663
8665
See note # 8663
8666
Usually, the Sulcus centralis does not reach the Sulcus lateralis and is separated from it by a short gyrus, the Gyrus subcentralis, which is formed by the 'fusion' of the Precentral and Postcentral gyri in their ventralmost parts. The Subcentral gyrus is delimited in front and behind by the Anterior and Posterior subcentral sulci (Dejerine 1895; Duvernoy 1992; Petrides and Pandya 2012). Also known as: Central or Rolandic operculum, and Inferior frontoparietal 'pli de passage'.
8667
See note # 8666
8668
See note # 8666
8671
See note # 8663
8672
See note # 8663
8675
See note # 6052
8676
See note # 6052
8677
See note # 6052
8678
See note # 6052
8679
See note # 6053
8680
See note # 6053
8681
See note # 6053
8686
The term Nucleus olfactorius anterior of TA is mostly cortical and is replaced by the more appropriate term Regio retrobulbaris (see Zilles and Amunts 2012). The two- or three-layered structure recognizable in lower primates is hardly visible in the human brain.
8706
See note # 6019
8708
See note # 6019
8714
The Cortex ectorhinalis (BA36) is often included as part of the Perirhinal cortex (Ding S-L, Van Hoesen GW 2010 Borders, extent, and topography of human perirhinal cortex as revealed using multiple modern neuroanatomical and pathological markers. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1359-1379) but lies on the other side of the Collateral sulcus.
8719
The Cortex perirhinalis (Perirhinal cortex) is also not included in TA; for description, see Augustinack JC, Huber KE, Stevens AA, et al. (2013 Predicting the location of human perirhinal cortex, Brodmann's area 35, from MRI. Neuroimage 64:32-42).
8724
Field CA4 appears to correspond most closely to the polymorph zone of the Dentate gyrus, and, therefore, is not a field of the Hippocampus at all. Amaral and Insausti (Amaral DG, Insausti R 1990 Hippocampal formation. In: Paxinos G, ed: The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 711-755) suggested the term 'CA3h' for the pyramidal cells within the hilus ('h'), continuous with CA3.
8734
See note # 6071
8735
See note # 6071
8736
See note # 6071
8737
See note # 6071
8738
See note # 6071
8739
In the French literature, for the Inner ring of the Limbic lobe the term Gyrus intralimbicus is used. In the German literature, however, this term is used for the Uncal apex.
8740
The Cortex entorhinalis (Entorhinal cortex) is not included in TA; for description, see Braak H, Braak E (1992 The human entorhinal cortex: Normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in various diseases. Neurosci Res 15:6-31. The Substantia reticularis alba (White reticular substance of Arnold) is the white matter surrounding the darker patches of Layer 2 cell islands. The Verrucae hippocampi (Hippocampal warts) are located above these cell islands and described by Retzius G (1896 Das Menschenhirn: Studien in der makroskopischen Morphologie. Norstedt, Stockholm) and Klingler J (1948 Die makroskopische Anatomie der Ammonsformation. Denkschr Schweiz Naturforsch Ges, Vol 78, Fretz, Zürich). They mark the surface of the Entorhinal cortex.
8742
See note # 8740
8756
The Sulcus intrarhinalis (Intrarhinal sulcus) is found between the Ambient gyrus and the Entorhinal cortex (see Duvernoy 1992; Insausti and Amaral 2012).
8757
See note # 8762
8762
The Dentes subiculi (Gyri of Andreas Retzius) were described by Retzius (1896) for the Caudal part of CA1 at the Hippocampal tail; the term Gyri subspleniales (Subsplenial gyri) indicate their position. Deep to the Gyri andreae retzii, two obliquely oriented small gyri are found (Duvernoy 1998; Insausti and Amaral 2012): 1) a medial gyrus: the Fasciola cinerea, which forms the visible part of the Dentate gyrus as descibed by Giacomini (1884) and Klingler (1948); and 2) a lateral gyrus: Gyrus fasciolaris (Fasciolar gyrus), corresponding to the caudal end of the CA3 field.
8768
The Cortex perirhinalis (Perirhinal cortex; BA35) and the Transentorhinal subregion of Braak and Braak (1992) are somewhat synonymous terms (Augustinack JC, Huber KE, Stevens AA, et al. 2013 Predicting the location of human perirhinal cortex, Brodmann's area 35, from MRI. Neuroimage 64:32-42). In other studies (Ding S-L, Van Hoesen GW 2010 Borders, extent, and topography of human perirhinal cortex as revealed using multiple modern neuroanatomical and pathological markers. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1359-1379), BA 36 is included within the Perirhinal cortex. This is unfortunate since BA35 is periarchicortex but BA36 (Ectorhinal cortex) is truly isocortex. The Layers of BA35 are comparable to those of the adjacent Entorhinal cortex.
8780
See note # 5996
8781
The Sulcus intermedius primus (First intermediate sulcus of Jensen) may subdivide the Lobulus parietalis inferior into the Gyrus supramarginalis and the Gyrus angularis (Duvernoy 1992; Tamraz and Comair 2006). The Sulcus intermedius secundus (Second intermediate sulcus of Eberstaller) is found posterior to Jensen's sulcus.
8782
See note # 8781
8793
See note # 5972
8797
The large cholinergic neurons of the Striatum were originally described as Giant interneurons by Kölliker. Three types of GABAergic striatal interneurons can be distinguished, based on size and the colocalization of Parvalbumin, Somatostatin/NPY and Calretinin (Bolam 2010; Haber et al. 2012).
8798
See note # 5972
8820
Mainly GABAergic interneurons (see Markram H, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Wang Y, et al. 2004 Interneurons of the neocortical inhibitory system. Nat Rev Neurosci 5:793-807; Ascoli GA et al. 2008 Petilla terminology: Nomenclature of features of GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:557-568; DeFelipe J et al. 2013 New insights into the classification and nomenclature of cortical GABAergic interneurons. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:202-216); the current subdivision is based on preferred postsynaptic region.
8826
See note # 5972
8827
See note # 5972
8830
Functional subdivision of the Isocortex as described by Mesulam M-M (1985 Patterns in behavioral neuroanatomy. In: Mesulam M-M, ed: Principles of Behavioral Neurology. Davis, Philadelphia, PN, pp 1-70). The Granular isocortex ranges from Hypergranular through Granular to Dysgranular.
8993
Not in TA, and added. Not distinguished by Larsell O, Jansen J (1972 The Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Cerebellum. The human cerebellum, cerebellar connections, and cerebellar cortex. University of Minneapolis, MN) and Schmahmann et al. (1999 Neuroimage 10:233-260), but by Voogd J, Ruigrok TJH (2012 Cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 471-545). First described as 'Zungenband' by Stilling (1864) and as Vinculum linguae by Henle (1879).
9035
The Subdivision of the Hypothalamic nuclei is rearranged into three Hypothalamic areas: Anterior (Chiasmatic), Middle (Tuberal) and Posterior (Mamillary). The Dorsal hypothalamic area forms part of the Lateral hypothalamic area. The LHA is incorporated into the three Hypothalamic areas.
9122
The Lobulus parietalis superior may be divided into an anterior and a posterior portion by the Sulcus parietalis transversus (Transverse parietal sulcus of Brissaud), originating on the medial side and extending to the lateral side of the hemisphere (see Tamraz and Comair 2006).
9135
Here, the Isocortical neurons are added, in part following and modifying TH terms. They are subdivided into Pyramidal neurons (Projection, Commissural nand Association eurons) and Excitatory and Inhibitory interneurons. In general, Small pyramidal neurons are found in Layer II and give rise to ipsilateral Corticocortical projections. Medium-sized pyramidal neurons are found in Layer III and give rise to Commissural projections. The Large pyramidal neurons in Layer V give rise to the Corticofugal projections (Mountcastle VB 1998 The Cerebral Cortex. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
9180
The Pallium laterale gives rise to the Claustro-insular complex (see Puelles L 2014 Development and evolution of the claustrum. In: Smythies JR, Edelstein LR, Ramachandran VS, eds: The Claustrum, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 119-176).
9188
The Insula is composed of three Belt regions (see Mesulam M-M and Mufson EJ (1985 The insula of Reil in man and monkey. Architectonics, connectivity and function. In: Peters A, Jones EG, eds, Cerebral Cortex, Vol 4, Plenum Press, New York, pp 179-226): 1) The Cortex insularis agranularis (Agranular insular cortex, where Layers II and IV are lacking) in the Anterior insula is characterized by a Superficial pyramidal layer and an Inner cell layer, continuous with the Pyramidal layer of the Piriform cortex. Here, the recently rediscovered von Economo neurons (VENs) are found (see Allman JM, Tetreault NA, Hakeem AY, et al. 2011 The von Economo neurons in fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortex. Ann NY Acad Sci 1225:59-71). 2) The Cortex insularis dysgranularis (Dysgranular insular cortex), a Proisocortical region characterized by the presence of an inconspicuous Inner granular layer IV. Layers V and VI are also not as clearly separated from each other as in true isocortex. 3) The Cortex insularis granularis (Granular insular cortex), a posterior granular region with clearly visible Inner (layer IV) and Outer (layer II) granular layers (True isocortex; see also Zilles and Amunts 2012).
9202
See note # 5738
9223
See note # 9188
9227
See note # 9188
9305
The classic Golgi studies by Cajal (Ramón y Cajal S 1909-1911 Histologie du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertébrés. Maloine, Paris) and Lorente de Nó R (1934 Studies on the structure of the cerebral cortex. II. Continuation of the study of the ammonic system. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 46:113-177) showed the presence of some 20 different types of interneurons in the Hippocampus. Most of them have been immunohistochemically defined (see Freund TF, Buzsaki G 1996 Interneurons of the hippocampus. Hippocampus 6:347-470; Somogyi P 2010 Hippocampus: Intrinsic organization. In: Shepherd GM, Grillner S, eds: Handbook of Brain Microcircuitry. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 148-164). Some 28 types of GABAergic interneurons can be distinguished (Somogyi 2010), basically: Basket neurons, Bistratified neurons, and Chandelier neurons.
9368
There are many types of Short-axon cells described by among others Blanes, Cajal (Vertical cell), Golgi and Van Gehuchten (Mori K 1987) Membrane and synaptic properties of identified neurons in the olfactory bulb. Prog Neurobiol 29:275-430; Shepherd GM, Chen WR, Greer CA 2004 Olfactory bulb. In: Shepherd GM, ed: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed. Oxford Uniersity Press, New York, pp 165-216). As in TH, these cells are not included.
9417
In the Cortex entorhinalis (Entorhinal cortex), Insausti et al. (Insausti R, Tuñón T, Sobreviela T, et al. 1995 The human entorhinal cortex: A cytoarchitectonic analysis. J Comp Neurol 355:171-198) distinguished 8 subfields (EO, ER, ELR, EMI, EI, ELC, EC and ECL). For the layers of the Entorhinal cortex, the subdivision by Insausti and Amaral (2012) into six Laminae is advocated. To avoid confusion with isocortical layers, here, arabic numerals are used as in the literature. TH Latin and English terms (H4.8.03.104/114) are added. For Layers 2 and 3, the general term External principal layer is advocated, for Layer 5 Internal principal layer, following Braak H, Braak E (1992 The human entorhinal cortex: Normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in various diseases. Neurosci Res 15:6-31). Layer 2 is made up of islands of relatively large and darkly stained modified pyramidal and stellate cells (Braak and Braak 1992: Pre-a). Layer 3 corresponds to layers Pre-ß and Pre-? of Braak and Braak (1992). The layers Pre-a, Pre-ß and Pre-? form their External principal layer. Layer 5 corresponds to the Internal principal layer with sublayers Pri-a, Pri-ß and Pri-? of Braak and Braak (1992).
9433
The complex Cortex retrosplenialis (Retrosplenial cortex) consists of Periarchicortical (BA26) and Proisocortical (BA29, 30) areas (Braak H 1980 Architectonics of the Human Telencephalic Cortex. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York; Zilles and Amunts 2012). The TH nomenclature (H4.8.03.122/129) seems to combine these different structures. The Cortex ectosplenialis (Ectosplenial cortex; BA26) has a primitive three-laminar pattern with Molecular, Densocellular and Multiform layers. The Cortex retrosplenialis granularis (Granular retrosplenial cortex; BA29) shows a four-layered structure: Molecular, External and Internal pyramidal and Multiform layers. The Cortex retrosplenialis dysgranularis (Dysgranular retrosplenial cortex; BA 30) shows a further progression of laminar differentiation with an additional (Internal) granular layer.
9454
For further subdivision of the Cortex cingularis (Cingulate cortex) with Layers, see Vogt BA, Palomero-Gallager N (2012) Cingulate cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 934-987.
9459
This term, introduced in 1684 by Vieussens as 'Centrum ovale' to indicate the oval shape of the Cerebral white matter, continuous with the Internal capsule, was later changed into Centrum semiovale by Flatau E (1894 Atlas des menschlichen Gehirns und des Faserverlaufes. Karger, Berlin) and others. In the clinical literature, this term is common usage. It was included by His and colleagues in the BNA.
9508
The Pedunculus temporalis (Temporal peduncle) forms the connection between the temporal and frontal lobes and contains: (1) the Fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior (Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus); and (2) the Fasciculus uncinatus cerebri (Uncinate fasciculus).
9509
The Fasciculus subcallosus (Subcallosal fasciculus or Bundle of Muratoff; Muratoff W 1893 Secundäre Degenerationen nach Durchschneidung des Balkens. Neurol Centralbl 12:714-729) forms a separate bundle of Corticostriatal fibres (see Schmahmann JD, Pandya DN 2007 The complex history of the fronto-occipital fasciculus. J Hist Med 16:362-377).
9510
The Fasciculus frontalis obliquus (Frontal aslant tract or Frontal oblique tract) connects the SMA and pre-SMA with the opercular part of the Inferior frontal gyrus (Catani M, Dell'Acqua F, Vergani F, et al. 2012 Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain. Cortex 48:273-291).
9583
De Olmos (de Olmos J 1990 Amygdala. In: Paxinos G, ed: The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 583-710) introduced the term 'Olfactory amygdala' for the 'Superficial cortex-like amygdaloid region' (Yilmazer-Hanke DM 2012 Amygdala. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 759-834).
9840
The Striatum and Putamen consist of AChE-poor Striosomes within an AChE-rich matrix (Graybiel AM, Ragsdale CW Jr 1978 Histochemically distinct compartments in the striatum of human, monkey and cat demonstrated by acetylthiocholinesterase staining. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:5723-5726; Graybiel AM 1990 Neurotransmitters and modulators in the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci 13:244-254).
9844
The term Fundus striati points to the ventral parts of the Caudate nucleus and Putamen, that with the Nucleus accumbens and the Olfactory tubercle form the Ventral Striatum.
9852
For Golgi studies see Braak H, Braak E (1982 Neuronal types in the striatum of man. Cell Tissue Res 227:319-342), and Graveland GA, Williams RS, DiFiglia M (1985 A Golgi study of the human neostriatum: Neurons and afferent fibers. J Comp Neurol 234:317-333); for immunohistochemical and physiological data see Bolam JP (2010 Microcircuits of the striatum. In: Shepherd GM, Grillner S, eds: Handbook of Brain Microcircuits. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 109-119) and Haber SN, Adler A, Bergman H (2012 The basal ganglia. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 678-838).
12155
In the Regio periamygdaloidea (Periamygdaloid region) according to Brockhaus H (1940 Zur normalen und pathologischen Anatomie des Mandelkerngebietes. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 49:1-136) and Stephan (1975) only two layers can be distinguished.
12158
Frequently, a series of furrows delineates the Sulcus paracinguli (Paracingulate sulcus), which separates the medial division of the superior frontal gyrus from the Gyrus paracinguli (Paracingulate gyrus).
12159
See note # 12158
12160
See note # 6052
12161
See note # 6052
12162
See note # 6053
12163
See note # 6053
12168
TH subdivision into six layers (H4.8.03.115/121) suggested a well-divided structure. Insausti and Amaral (2012) emphasized that the laminar organization of the Presubiculum is complex and only poorly understood. They described a single, superficially located cellular layer made up of External and Internal principal layers. Their subdivision is followed here.
Signature
Type of list P2F
List Unit Identifier 5257
Sublist 1 5261 mesencephalon 352/161 on 8.4.2019
Sublist 2 5263 diencephalon 404/181 on 30.12.2021
Sublist 3 5264 telencephalon 1772/699 on 13.12.2020
Sublist 4 5431 pons 40/23 on 11.6.2019
Sublist 5 5686 cerebellum 332/161 on 15.4.2019
Sublist 6 5779 hypothalamus 150/71 on 26.3.2019
Sublist 7 11865 rhombencephalon rostrale 348/161 on 30.11.2020
Sublist 8 11874 rhombencephalon caudale 524/225 on 30.12.2021
Subtotals subchildren 3922 subunits 1682
Proper children 11
Number of children 3933 (validated)
Proper units 4
Number of units 1686 (validated)
Signature 5993 (validated since 30.12.2021)
Date: 31.12.2021